20 PAPERS ON ZOOLOGY OF ^iIICHIGAN. 



done there, only about an hour l3eing spent in collecting along the 

 south end. It appeared to be surrounded by unbroken forest except 

 at the south end where lumbering was going on. The bottom and 

 vegetation seemed to be like those of South Lake. Many fish were 

 observed in the shallow water area, and the following five species were 

 taken: Chrosomus erythrogaster, Semotilus atromaadatus, Rhinichihys 

 atronasus lunatus, Catostomus catostomus, Lepmnis cyanellus. With 

 the exception of Rhiyiichfhys atronasus lunatus, which was very com- 

 mon, only a few specimens of each species were caught. 



Kratt Lake. Kratt Lake is located about two miles southeast of 

 Winona, mostly south of Sections 33 and 34, Township 52. It is sur- 

 rounded by dense forest except for the clearing about an inhabited 

 house. It is smaller but similar to South Twin Lake in the character 

 of the bottom and vegetation; and the shoal, as far as observed, i& 

 narrower. The same brown-stained water and bottom sand was 

 found as in the other forest lakes visited. The sand beach is more or 

 less obscured by the zone of low bushes, outside of which is a zone cf 

 high bushes and beyond this the timber region. The small shrubs 

 bordering the beach, and in places covering it, seemed to be entirely 

 of two species — Myrica Gale and Chamaedaphne calyculata. 



The following strictly aquatic plants were found: Sparganium sp? 

 (forming large, dense, submerged patches in places), Potamogeton 

 natans L., Fonlinalis antipyretica L., Myriophyllum Farwellii, Utri- 

 cularia vulgaris L., Tolypothrix tenuis Kutz, Batrachospermum sp? 



Sponges were abundant but none were collected. 



Only the follo-\ving two species of fish were found: 



Lepomis cyanellus. — This species was very abundant, and took a 

 baited hook greedily. In fact, the great abundance and voracity of 

 this sunfish was a pr.ominent characteristic of this lake. In a short 

 time, seventy individuals around 15 cm. in length were caught. They 

 seemed to be most abundant in the deep water just off the shoal. In 

 the shallow water a few small specimens (20-30 mm. in length) were 

 taken, but no other species were found in this shoal region. 



Perca flavesceris. — One small specimen, about 100 mm. long, was 

 taken by hook. 



All of the fish taken in Kratt Lake were very dark in color ^^^th a 

 decided umber tinge like that of the water. 



Bear Lake. Bear Lake is out of the region of the other lakes studied 

 and alreadv considered. It is in the brush-covered sand dune area 



