SHIRAS EXPEDITIONS TO WHITEFISII POIXT. 121 



Methofis and Acknowledgments. 



In the study of -the fish of the Whitefish Point region, extensive 

 collections were made and each was studied in detail before another 

 was taken up. An attempt was made to get a complete collection of 

 the fish inhabiting the region, but not to such an extent as to interfere 

 with the study of the habits of the species in their respective habitats. 

 A convenient laboratory was fitted up, and the fish were studied in an 

 aquarium. In this way it was possible to become well enough ac- 

 quainted with the different species so that they could easily be recog- 

 nized under favorable circumstances in the water afield. 



For watching fish binocular field glasses and a water-glass were 

 found very helpful. In Lake Superior a large, fiftj'-foot minnow seine 

 and smaller "common sense" seines were hauled on the marginal 

 shoal. Fish from the deeper shoal were obtained from fishermen, who 

 xory willingly permitted the Avriter to examine their "catches," and to 

 retain desirable specimens. In the marsh lakes and beach ponds a 

 six-foot, "common sense" seine was used almost everywhere. This 

 can readily be handled by one person while wading or from a row boat. 

 In the marsh, in narrow beaver channels, and for scooping under banks 

 of streams, under gale growths, and about sedge clumps, a large minnow 

 dip net (1 1-2 x 3 ft.), was successfully used. A minnow trap on the 

 \)\an of a fyke-net was kept set much of the time, and some interesting 

 specimens were taken with it. 



IVIany photographs of the fish and their environments were taken to 

 supplement the field notes, negatives and prints of which are filed in the 

 Museum of Zoology, Ann Arbor, Michigan. The field work was nearly 

 all done by the writer unassisted, but at times help and suggestions 

 were given by the following named residents of Vermilion: John 

 Clarke, Will Clarke, Fred Wetherhog, and Captain J. A. Carpenter of 

 the Life-Saving Station. Special mention should be made. of the ser- 

 vices given by Mr. John Clarke, whose lamented death in May, 1914, 

 removed a good friend, advisor, and efficient assistant to the members 

 of the several field ])arties. Mr. Robert Carlson, lightkeeper at White- 

 fish Point, furnished information concerning the fisheries at that i)lace. 

 Mrs. Hankinson prepared and identified plants and contriljuted in 

 other ways to the progress of the work. Mr. Seymour BoAver, Super- 

 intendent of the ^Michigan Fish Commission, made the investigations 

 possil)le by procuring a permit to collect specimens of fish. Tlie Avork 

 was done under the direction of A. G. Kuthven, Director of the Museum 

 of Zoology and Chief Naturalist of the Michigan Geological and Bio- 

 logical Survey. Mr. N. A. Wood of the Museum of Zoology at Ann 

 Arbor gave the writer some useful suggestions and directions and col- 



