SHIRAS EXPEDITIONS TO WIIITEFISH POINT. 123 



Mdrsli L(tk^s 



Deeper water Areas 



Shallow water Areas 



Marsh bordered Shoal 



Wooded Shore 



Outlet streams 

 SheUdrake Lake 

 Shelldrake River 



Lake Superior Shoal. 



Deeper Shoal. Station 2. At the cud of Clark's pier, at Vermilion, 

 the Avater is about six feet deep. The zone having this or a little greater 

 depth out to about t(>n feet is called the deeper shoal, and the part of 

 it examined, about the end of the pier, is Station 2. Plate XIIB shows 

 the region in the background. The following conditions maintained 

 at Station 2 during August, 1913: depth. 6-10 feet; water clear, cold, 

 and commonly disturbed, even to the bottom; bottom of clear, yellow 

 sand; and visible plants absent. The species of fish, found in the order 

 of their apparent abundance, were: lake herring, common sucker, 

 brook trout, long-nosed sucker, Menominee whitefish, common white- 

 fish, rainbow trout, and tullibee. 



The fish caught were all fair-sized examples of their species, since they 

 were caught by fishermen for the table. Direct observations are easily 

 made of all parts of this station from the pier end. At times, many fish 

 were seen which could not be positively identified, but it is evident that 

 the station is visited by these larger fish periodically, and they do not 

 permanentl.y inhabit the place. SmaU fish also frequent this region, 

 but according to the writer's observations, only on their way to or from 

 shallower or deeper water. Immense numbers of little fish w'ere seen 

 about sunset after an unusually warm and quiet day moving in a stead}^, 

 direct, purposive way from the shallower water near shore close to the 

 water surface and going out to some depth beyond. None were seen 

 lingering at this station. 



^Marginal Shoal. The zone of shallow water close to the shore, out 

 as far as collections could l^e ol)tained by wading, is called the marginal 

 shoal. The conditions here are as foUoAvs: depth three feet or less; 

 Avater usually' clear, only clouded by sand or debris close to shore 

 Avlien breakers are present; Avater cold; bottom of hard, clear, 

 yelloAvish sand or with pebbles, the latter forming a discontinuous, 

 marginal zone; no visibh^ l)lants except some Uhthrix zonata on sub- 

 merged parts of piles and other objects; aquatic animals other than 

 fish inconspicuous. Gnats and caddicc-flies {M ystacides sepidchralis) 

 AA-ere seen at tmes over tlu^ Avater surface; a kingfisher, at one time. Avas 



