CLEVELAND BAYS AND YORKSHIRE COACH HORSES. 57 



Until the earlier years of the eighteenth century, it seems 

 fair to presume that Coach Horses, or Chapman horses, or 

 Cleveland Bays, by whatever name we may call them, were 

 not known as a distinct breed a surmise which an extract 

 from the Note Book of Sir Walter Calverley, dated January 

 1 5th, 1670, goes far to confirm. He relates that when he 

 wanted to use his coach, he horsed it with the lighter 

 "mears" of the breed used on the farm. From the account 

 Sir Walter Calverley gives of the performances and behaviour 

 of these same mares, it seems pretty clear that they were 

 much more active and lively than the heavy draught horses, 

 with Flemish blood in their veins, could possibly be. What 

 was Sir Walter Calverley's custom seems to have been an 

 universal one in the seventeenth century, and if these lighter 

 mares were consistently bred from, as they undoubtedly 

 would be, their lightness and activity would gradually develop 

 and increase, until they became the chief characteristics of a 

 practically new breed. 



It is worth while for a moment to give some consideration 

 to the history of the polled cattle in connection with the 

 development of " new" breeds. On the authority of Youatt, 

 who was a keen observer, in the year 1750 a proportion of 

 the Galloway cattle had horns, yet within sixty years of 

 that time a horned Galloway was scarcely to be found, and 

 now one is quite unknown, and no breed of domestic animals 

 breeds so true to type. In a kindred breed, too, the 

 Aberdeen-Angus, a striking modification of colour has taken 

 place during the same period. In the middle of the last 

 century, cattle of a dark red colour were found amongst them, 

 although not in such numbers as horned cattle were found 

 amongst the Galloway breed, but the fiat of the pioneers oi 

 the breed had gone forth that black was to be the colour, and 

 no animal of any other colour was ever used for breeding 

 purposes. When considering the probable development of 

 the Cleveland Bay from the native horse, the question of 

 spontaneous variation also deserves some consideration. On 



