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the experiment were improved, the spectrum became more 

 and more enlarged, and the colors more separated, until at 

 length certain mysterious dark lines began to appear, pass- 

 ing across it in various places like black bars or bands 

 upon a colored ground. These bands were found to be 

 fixed and permanent that is, they were always the same, 

 and appeared in precisely the same positions in the spec- 

 trum, by whomsoever and wheresoever produced. A cele- 

 brated optician of Germany, named Fraunhofer, first called 

 the general attention of the scientific world to this phe- 

 nomenon, and after a time he published a colored map of 

 the spectrum with these lines represented upon it. They 

 were thenceforth known in the scientific world as Friiun- 



