338 TRANSACTIONS OF THE [1895 



5, '93, I saw between 400 and 500 in Dulaney's Valley, one of 

 which gave me a wild burst of song. At Washington, recorded 

 " from October 18 ('94) to April 15 ('94). . Two were shot on 

 April 21 at Laurel, by Geo. Marshall" (Richmond) ; noted at 

 Hagerstown in May, '80, and also "a few all winter" (Small). 



Pipilo erythrophthalmus (587). Towhee. 



Common summer resident, occasionally wintering. Noted 

 from March 8 ('94) to November 13 ('92), and common from 

 April 2 ('93) to October 21 ('92); nests with eggs range from 

 May 13 ('94), to August 28 ('91, Fisher). Sets are 8 of 3, and 

 3 of 4. Six nests were on the ground, the others elevated, the 

 highest being 6^ feet up in a cedar. 



During the severe winter of '92-3, Mr. W. N. Wholey and 

 I watched a flock from December 8 to February 14, seeing it 3 

 or 4 times a week. Neither of us could ever count the flock; 

 sometimes there seemed more, sometimes less, but we estimated 

 it to average about 50 birds. There was snow on the ground 

 all this time and the temperature went down as low as 1, and 

 for over a month the maximum kept below 32 (Fahren/ieit). 



In Somerset County they were numerous from November 15 

 to 21 ('94, Fisher). 



At Vale Summit they were c-^mon, June 5 to 14 ('95). 



Cardinalis cardinalis (593). Cardinal. 



Resident, old birds generally seen in pairs, the young (pre- 

 sumably) going in flocks in fall and winter, occasionally a few 

 pairs of adults may be found quite near each other. Nesting 

 dates range from May 3 ('92, Wholey), a nest ready for eggs, to 

 August 18 ('83), 3 eggs. Sets are 1 of 2, 17 of 3, and 1 of 4. 



Habia ludoviciana (595). Rose-breasted Grosbeak. 



A migrant, seen at irregular intervals and not to be procured 

 every year; it has been fairly well noted from April 28 ('93, 

 Resler) to May 20 ('76, Resler) and from September 11 ('80, 

 Resler) to September 25 ('93, Gray). 



