60 PROPAGATION BY GRAFTING AND BUDDING. 



2d, To excite the development of branches, flowers, or fruit on 

 the parts of a tree where they are deficient. 3d, To restore a 

 defective or exhausted tree by the transfusion of the fresh sap of 

 a vigorous kind. 4th, To bring together on the same stem the 

 two sexes of monoecious (or dioecious) plants, in order to facilitate 

 their reproduction. 5th, To preserve and propagate a great num- 

 ber of woody or herbaceous plants, for use or ornament, which 

 could not be reproduced by any other means of multiplication. 

 Many plants become changed by grafting ; indeed most of the 

 finer varieties "of Pears grafted on the Quince are rendered dwarfer 

 in habit, and the trees more prolific, than when grown on their 

 own roots, or even when grafted on another kind of Pear as a 

 stock. Some Grapes, again, are much influenced by the stock on 

 which they are worked. Take for example the delicious Muscat 

 Hamburg (Snow's), which in most cases bears irregular clusters 

 disfigured by a large proportion of small or undersized berries 

 when grown on its own roots, but which is found to set much 

 more perfectly on the Black Hamburg stock, itself notable as 

 being of robust constitution and a good setter. Among or- 

 namental plants the same rule holds good in many instances. 

 Take for example the crimson-fruited Pyracantha japonica, 

 which is far more fruitful and ornamental when grafted on the 

 Quince or Hawthorn than when raised in the ordinary way 

 and grown on its own roots; and the same may be said of many 

 other plants of which further mention will be made. One of 

 the most curious instances of the beneficial effects of grafting 

 is that of the Chinese Kumquat Orange (Citrus japonica), 

 which absolutely refuses to bear well on its own roots, even in its 

 native hills, but which produces heavy crops of its delicious egg- 

 shaped fruits when worked on the hardy Limonia trifoliata ; and 

 Mr Robert Fortune, the eminent Chinese traveller, informs me 

 that this stock is universally adopted for this fruit by the native 

 gardeners in China and Japan. We have evidence which goes 

 a long way towards proving that it is possible to obtain hybrid 

 plants by grafting. ((See Herbert's ' Amaryllidaceae,' p. 376.) 

 Cytisus purpurascens is said to have been originated by M. Adam, 

 a Parisian horticulturist, in 1828, and was produced by grafting 

 Cytisus purpureus on the common Yellow Laburnum ( Cytisus 

 laburnum} as a stock. The branches below the graft produce 

 common Yellow Laburnum flowers of large size, while those 

 above the graft often bear small purple Laburnum flowers as well 

 as reddish ones intermediate between those of the scion and 

 stock in size and colour, and not unfrequently yellow and 

 purple flowers are borne side by side in the same cluster. 

 A curious instance of the effect exerted by the scion on 



