MODES OF GRAFTING. 



73 



towards success. It may be as well if I here explain the term 

 "cambium layers"* a little, as it is a term apt to be mis- 

 understood ; and it is very important that the reverse of this 

 should be the case, since nearly the whole success of grafting, 

 no matter what method may be adopted, depends on the 

 cambium layer of the scion being in 

 contact with that of the, stock. The 

 accompanying illustration shows the 

 relation of the parts of an exogenous 

 stem, the white dotted ring repre- 

 senting the cambium layers ; and 

 fewer disappointments will be ex- 

 perienced if it be remembered that 

 the junction between the scion and 

 the stock takes place only when 

 these tissues are brought into con- 

 tact. In " splice " or " tongue " 

 grafting, this is done by applying 

 the oblique or diagonal sections to 

 each other; while in "crown" and 

 " veneer " grafting, in " grafting by 

 approach " (inarching), and also in 

 " budding " or bud-grafting, the same 

 result is obtained by the contact of 

 upright or vertical cuts or sections. 

 The following directions as to setting 

 the scion on the stock, from a ' Treatise of Fruit-Trees ' by R. 

 Austen (1655), are so exact and to the point that I here repro- 

 duce them : " And in setting in all grafts into the cleft, 

 observe this for a most special rule to joyne the inner side of the 

 barke of the graft to the inner side of the barke of the stock, that 

 the sap may more easily come out of the stock into the graft 

 to feed it, for the main current of the sap is betweene the bark 

 and the wood. And regard not the custom of many grafters in 

 setting the outsides even and smooth, not considering the insides : 

 their successe is according to their skill for the most part. We 

 know the bark of a big stock is much thicker than the bark of 

 a slender graft, and if the outsides be smooth and even, the 

 insides must needs be uneven. But I say to joyne the inner 

 sides of both barks together all along the cleft is the principal 

 thing in grafting" 



Splice- Graf ting. This is a simple metho'd often adopted in 

 the propagation of Roses, Azaleas, and other plants of slender 

 growth, and when the size of the scion is the same as that of 



* See a valuable paper on "Cambium" by W. R. M'Nab, M.D., in 

 Journal of Botany, 1873, p. 13. 



Section of Exogenozis Stem, 

 tJte white dotted ring represent- 

 ing the "cambium layers." 



