80 MODES OF GRAFTING. 



below the bud ; but I prefer lacing that is, taking one end of 

 the tying material in each hand and crossing it over the slit, by 

 which method both sides of the slit are drawn together, and 

 more protection is thus given to the inserted bud than in the 

 ordinary manner, in which the ligature pulls one side over the 

 bud and the other side from it. Although the T-budding 

 above described is the most generally adopted mode adopted 

 in English gardens, there are several modifications of it 

 adapted for different climates. In cases where the sap is 

 too abundant, its ascent is checked by making the cross cut 

 below instead of above the long or vertical cut, thus, _L. Where 

 the bark of the stock is unusually thick, and the buds large, as 

 in the Chestnut or Vine, the cross cut may be in the centre of 

 the long one, thus, -} , as this allows more room for inserting 

 the bud-scion. Apricots and Peaches may be summer-budded 

 on the Plum stock in this manner with success. All kinds of 

 buds require tying to stakes or to the stock when they com- 

 mence their growth, otherwise they are liable to be broken off 

 accidentally or blown out by high winds, and this means the loss 

 of a season's growth. 



Shield-budding in spring is much practised by the Continental 

 cultivators, and is found expedient at other seasons, in the case 

 of Roses, Camellias, and many other 

 flowering - plants. For deciduous trees, 

 like the Apple and Pear, the buds are 

 selected in autumn, and kept during 

 winter attached to the shoots they are 

 produced on, by placing their ends in 

 the ground, as is usually done in the 

 case of scions for grafting. In spring, 

 when the sap is up in the stock, the 

 buds are taken from the cuttings, and 

 inserted in the following manner : A 

 transverse cut is made by the common 

 or the French budding-knife (see figs.) 

 in the shoot containing the bud, a little 

 below an eye ; and this transverse cut is 

 met by a longer incision downwards, 

 commencing a little above the eye, taking 

 great care that a portion of the wood is 



Common and French -\ ,-\ , \ f_ i i i i i i 



Budding- Knives. removed with the bark in which the bud 



is situated. The bark of the stock is 



then cut in manner resembling an inverted T. The greatest 



care should, however, be taken that the edges of both the 



cuts in the stock and bud be cut clean, so that they shall. 



