8 4 



MODES OF GRAFTING. 



can be performed either to renovate old and naked portions of 

 the parent tree, or, where two varieties or nearly-related species 

 are growing in close proximity, they can be united or changed 

 by this method. In Continental gardens we have seen some 

 very complicated specimens of fruit-trees, every branch being 

 grafted to its neighbour by this system, and the whole forming 

 some fanciful design. Some intricate examples of this kind, 

 which serve to illustrate the perfect mastery of the cultivator 

 over the waywardness of fruit-trees, may be seen in the Peach 

 Gardens at Montreuil, a small village a little beyond Amande, 

 and in the Pare Vincennes, Paris. 



It not unfrequently happens that young fruit-trees become 

 injured by game or cattle in severe weather, the bark being 



c -' 



Stem replacing- Graft. 



Bark repairing Graft. 



gnawed off just above the snow-line in winter ; and if the bark 

 is completely bitten off all round, it follows that the tree will 

 ultimately succumb unless some remedial measures be adopted. 

 One of the best of these remedies is to insert scions, as shown 

 in our engraving which, by uniting the separated barks, will 

 restore the current of sap, and enable the tree to survive this 

 accidental girdling. In the case of very young trees, however, 

 a better plan is to take a stock and plant it near the damaged 



