THE WALLFLOWER AND CABBAGE FAMILY. 211 



Rape ; 2d race, B. napus esculenta, French Turnip. Fifth 

 species or type, B. prczcox navette d'Ete, early French Field 

 Cabbage. Sixth species or type, Raphanus sativus : ist race, 

 R. sativus radicula rotunda, Round or Turnip Radish ; 2d 

 race, R. sativus radicula oblofiga, Long Radish ; 3d race, R. 

 sativus radicula oleifera, Slender Chinese Radish. 



The professor adds the following observations on the hybrid 

 or cross-bred varieties of the preceding species : " There is 

 no doubt that many of the plants which I have enumerated 

 are cross-breds, accidentally produced and preserved by the 

 care of the cultivator. The cultivated Cabbage, according to 

 M. Sageret, presents a singular phenomenon that of being 

 incapable of receiving fecundation from any but its own 

 species ; he tried in vain the pollen of Colza, as well as that 

 from every other species of Brassica : he then found out that 

 it had a natural tendency to fecundate several other species of 

 Cabbage, and even the cultivated Black Radish ; but it could 

 not, as before observed, be impregnated by any except its own 

 varieties. The Brassica oleracea botrytis has not, however, 

 undergone a trial with it. It appears that the cross-breds 

 known in gardens are produced without any interference. The 

 Colza, the Chou-navet, and the Ruta-baga appear from these 

 experiments to be hybrid products of the Cabbage and 

 Turnip taken in different degrees of culture and domestication ; 

 they are none of them capable of crossing the true Cabbage, 

 but may all become fruitful by its means. They can pro- 

 duce among themselves other cross-races which bring their 

 own seeds to perfection. The Colza, in particular, cannot be 

 considered as the type of the cultivated Cabbage, as MM. 

 Duchesne and Lamarck supposed ; but its manner of mixing 

 in artificial breeds shows, as I have already observed, that it 

 forms a type by itself. One might suppose that the Colza was 

 originally produced from the Cabbage and the Navette ; Bras- 

 sica campestris pabularia by the Cabbage and the Oblong 

 Turnip ; the Napo Brassica by the Cabbage and the White 

 Turnip; and the Ruta-baga by the Cabbage and the Yellow 

 Turnip." M. Quetier made some interesting experiments in 

 hybridising Raphanus caudatus with the common Garden 

 Radish, and also with a variety of Cabbage (Chou de Vau- 

 girara). See ' Revue Horticole,' 1868, p. 376. 



Cheiranthus (Wallflower). A favourite genus of hardy and 

 fragrant flowers, represented in almost every cottage - garden 

 by some form of C. cheiri, a native plant, common on old 

 ruins in various parts of the country. In Shakespeare's time the 



