212 GENERAL REVIEW. 



hybrid or cross-bred nature of these plants and Stocks seems 

 to have been known, since in the ' Winter's Tale ' we find the 

 injunction 



" Then make your garden rich in gilliflowers 

 And do not call them bastards. " 



Parkinson (1629) figures and describes many varieties of Wall- 

 flower, including the old double yellow and the large double 

 red, neither of which appear to have undergone any material 

 change in size and doubleness of flower during two centuries 

 of cultivation. Besides these old varieties, however, the 

 German florists have originated a very beautiful race of new 

 forms ; and these double German Wallflowers are highly re- 

 commended for their beauty and fragrance. Their culture is 

 simple merely to sow the seed in April in a light warm soil, 

 or a gentle hotbed in the open air ; to transplant them to rich 

 soil early in June ; and in October to pot, three in a pot, into 

 lo-in. or u-in. pots, and place them in an orchard-house. In 

 March they put forth their glorious spikes of flowers, often 

 from 2 ft. to 3 ft. in length. These fine flowers have been 

 obtained by the German florists ; and the variation in colour is 

 very remarkable, some being dark brown, others purple, others 

 grey, and others shades of yellow from straw to gold. Choice 

 Wallflowers, and more particularly the fine double-flowered 

 kinds, are readily propagated from cuttings of the lateral shoots 

 during the summer months. Take these off carefully with a 

 heel, and insert them at once in a cool shady border, covered 

 with a thin layer of well-washed sand ; and after sprinkling 

 them, place a hand-light or cloche over them until they com- 

 mence growing, which they do as soon as roots are formed. 

 Propagation from cuttings may at first sight appear tedious, 

 but it will not be found so in practice. Besides, there are 

 some advantages to be derived from it which are not so 

 strictly within our reach when propagating from seed, viz., 

 the* certainty of commanding groups of this lovely flower, all 

 double ; and the equal certainty of perpetuating any favourite 

 or peculiar variety. 



Several other species deserve culture, such as C. alpinus, 

 a dwarf form of Wallflower, C. ochroleucus, and C. linifolius. 

 C. Marshalli is a very effective hybrid plant, although often 

 referred to, even in botanical books, as a species. Its parents 

 were the perennial C. alpinus, or C. ochroleucus, and the 

 -brilliant orange-flowered annual Erysimum Peroffskianum. 

 Mr A. Dean thus alludes to this hybrid in the * Gardeners' 

 Chronicle : ' " Mr Allen, of Shepton Mallet, having recently 



