THE PEA FAMILY. 431 



cleft or side grafting, after which they should be potted and 

 plunged in a genial bottom-heated case, with a temperature of 

 80 to 90. Circumvallation is the method employed by the 

 Hindoo gardeners, who place the split stem of a Bamboo around 

 a young branch after having girdled it i.e., removed a ring of 

 bark ; and the Bamboo is then filled up with earth, which is 

 kept moist until roots are formed. It might be worth while 

 trying the roots or stems of some species of Brownea orjonesia ' 

 as stocks for this gorgeous plant. Imported seeds lose their 

 vitality ere they reach this country; but home-grown seeds 

 might be more successful, and these might possibly be secured 

 by careful artificial fecundation. Pollen from both sets of 

 anthers should be placed on the stigmas of flowers borne on 

 another inflorescence, and the growth of the pollen might be 

 stimulated by nectar from Hoya or other plants. 



Brownea. A small group of tropical trees nearly related to 

 Amherstia and Jonesia, but more generally found in gardens. 

 One of the most complete collections is in Mr Crawford's gar- 

 den near Cork. These plants, like the last-named, are rather 

 difficult to propagate from cuttings, either layering or circum- 

 vallation being more successful (see Amherstia]. I am glad to 

 record that seedlings, and in all probability hybrids, have been 

 raised. W. E. Gumbleton, Esq., writing to the ' Garden,' re- 

 marks that " Mr Crawford's gardener has succeeded in crossing 

 several of the kinds that have flowered with him, one with the 

 pollen of the other, and has got them to ripen seeds which are 

 of immense size, resembling a very large flat bean, about two 

 only being produced in each pod. These, on being sown, 

 have germinated freely, and he has now an exceedingly nice 

 healthy lot of young seedlings of from the age of a few weeks 

 to several years, whose foliage, in many instances, shows plain 

 indications of partaking of the nature of one or both parents, 

 and from these, when they bloom, some most interesting results 

 may be expected." 



Caragana (Siberian Pea-trees}. A group of very ornate, 

 spring-flowering trees, well worth a place in every garden land- 

 scape. C. arborescens is perhaps the best-known species, and 

 as it is plentiful, and seeds freely, it forms an excellent stock 

 on which to graft rare or more tender kinds, and especially its 

 own varieties, of which C. altagana, C. chamlagu, C. spinosa, C. 

 microphylla, and C. arenaria may be cited as examples. Hali- 

 madendron argenteum also grows well on C. arborescens as a stock. 



Cytisus. A group of Pea-flowered plants, represented in our 

 greenhouses by C. elcgans, C. racemosa, and other free-flowering 

 kinds, which are readily propagated either by cuttings or seeds 



