THE ROSE, POME, AND DRUPE FAMILY. 469 



ornaments to the lawn or shrubbery in autumn, when laden 

 with their large golden-yellow or scarlet fruits. The Haw- 

 thorns are nearly related to the Medlars, for which the 

 common May-tree, C. oxycantha, forms a good stock, al- 

 though some nurserymen prefer the Pear stock. Some sorts 

 of Pear, and especially Josephine de Malines and Jargonelle, 

 grow well grafted on this stock; and I am informed that 

 a Moorfowl-egg Pear-tree worked on the Hawthorn exists 

 in full health and bearing in a garden near Edinburgh, notwith- 

 standing that the specimen is known to be upwards of a 

 century old. The Hawthorn will grow on any soil, and our 

 hedges might be made profitable as well as useful by grafting 

 them with Pears and Medlars; while if ornament is desired 

 rather than eatable fruits, then the scarlet-berried Cotoneasters, 

 the Mountain-ash, and the White Beam-tree may be grafted 

 instead. 



The fragrant Hawthorn is one of the commonest types 

 of this genus, and, together with its rosy, crimson, pink, and 

 double-flowered forms, is one of the handsomest small trees 

 grown in our gardens, parks, and hedgerows. The " Ever- 

 green Thorn," Pyracantha japonica, is one of the hand- 

 somest of all the scarlet-berry-bearing plants for wall or shrub- 

 bery decoration, and its varieties "crawlata" and " fructii 

 albo" ought to be more generally cultivated along with the 

 type. Cratczgus cocdnea is a variable but handsome Euro- 

 pean and North American species; and all the large-fruited 

 kinds from North America, China, Japan, and north Europe 

 well deserve a place in our gardens, as also do the cut-leaved, 

 spiral, or fastigiate varieties of our native Hawthorn, C. oxy- 

 cantha. Nearly all the species are readily propagated from 

 seeds, which should be buried in sand or dry earth through the 

 winter, and sown in shallow trenches in the spring following. 

 Some, however, leave them buried until the second year. 

 Layering is sometimes resorted to, but all the finest kinds are 

 readily multiplied by grafting in the spring on common seed- 

 ling Hawthorn stocks, or for low bushes the Quince may be 

 used. Budding succeeds in July, and cleft-grafting in March 

 or April. Seedling Pear stocks might be used for standards, 

 especially in the case of strong-growing deciduous kinds. 



Cydonia (Quinces]. A genus of. ornamental and fruit-bearing 

 shrubs or small trees, rarely more than 20 feet in height, and 

 represented in our gardens by the common Quince ( C. vulgaris) 

 and its varieties. The Quince was much grown in the middle 

 ages, being considered the most useful fruit of all. It not 

 only formed the basis of the celebrated preserve called Cotig- 



