THE ROSE, POME, AND DRUPE FAMILY. 485 



curious note on this subject has been sent by a Mr Tipton 

 of Burlington, Kansas, to the ' Horticulturist ' (New York) : 

 " Pears grafted or budded on bearing Apple-trees is the quick- 

 est, surest, and cheapest way I ever grew Pears. I never 

 picked better Pears from standards, or any other under-growth 

 for the Pear, than I have picked from old Apple-trees topped 

 and budded or grafted with Pears ; and they always bore early 

 and profusely. In large Apple orchards are sometimes found 

 worthless, scraggy trees : on such I have practised changing to 

 Pear. I never failed in two years to get a good crop. In 

 some trees the Pear would die out in five or six years, while 

 others were healthy to my knowledge for eighteen years, and 

 still doing well the last time I saw them, in 1865, in Franklin 

 county, Ohio." 



M. Stole, Director of the Pomological Institute of Proskau, 

 writing in the ' Monatsschrift ' for March 1876, recommends 

 grafting the Pear on vigorous young Apple stocks, the chief 

 merit being early and increased productiveness at the cost of 

 longevity. This plan is said to find favour with many practical 

 fruit-growers in Prussia and Poland ; and at Czerventzitz, near 

 Posen, the writer saw considerable plantations laden with hand- 

 some and high-coloured fruit. 



M. Carriere, writing to the 'Revue Horticole' in 1871, men- 

 tions two Pears Beurre de Malines and Beurre Spence or 

 Fondante de Bois which have done well grafted on the 

 Doucin or Apple stock since 1856, the bark being clean and 

 free, and the trees bearing fine crops of excellent fruit. The 

 professor, in condemning the sweeping generalisations as to the 

 incompatibility of the two trees as stock and scion general- 

 isations formed on a few, and in many cases imperfect, experi- 

 ments recommends that fifty varieties of Pears be taken, and 

 two of each kind cleft-grafted on the Doucin or other Apple 

 stock, and two of them inserted by shield-budding. Both cleft- 

 grafting and shield-budding are recommended, because different 

 results often follow the two operations. 



M. Carriere's statement is corroborated by a correspondent 

 of the 'Gardeners' Chronicle,' 1871, p. 836, who inserted buds 

 of Pears Marie Louise and Fondante d'Automne on Apple 

 stocks, and both varieties were growing vigorously a year after 

 they had been worked. 



Double-grafting will ultimately have a great effect on Pear- 

 culture in gardens. It seems always to make healthy and 

 prolific trees. It must not, however, be concluded that to 

 graft a free-growing sort of Pear on the Quince, and then to 

 regraft it with the desired sort, will always answer. Some 



