THE HORSE-CHESTNUT FAMILY. 525 



which genus succeed well on the Common Horse-Chestnut as 

 a stock (see Pavia). 



In the nurseries of M. Scipion-Cochet, at Suisnes, is a Chest- 

 nut-tree of unusual aspect, presenting characters intermediate 

 between those of the Common Horse-Chestnut (sEscuhts hip- 

 pocastanuni) and the Red Chestnut (s. rubicunda), but so 

 mixed up that it is difficult to say to which of these the tree 

 is most nearly related. M. Andre, consequently, in the ' Re- 

 vue Horticole,' proposes to call it ;E. intermedia. The 

 tree is of medium size, and of erect, pyramidal form, like 

 the Horse-Chestnut, but has shorter wood. The leaves are 

 like those of the Red Chestnut, with five oval -cuneiform, 

 acuminate, coarsely dentate lobes, having sharp teeth. The 

 flowers form a compact irregular thyrse, the calyx being rose 

 and green, the petals yellowish white, the two upper ones 

 spotted with yellow at the base, passing to salmony rose, and 

 the stamens having bearded rosy filaments. The capsules are 

 sometimes quite smooth ; sometimes, and more frequently, 

 bristling with projecting points. 



This curious tree came from a seed of the Red Chestnut, 

 sown about 1843. As ft i g we ^ known that the seedlings of 

 this tree are very variable, M. Andre inquires whether in this 

 we can trace the result of a fertilisation with the widely-spread 

 White Chestnut, or the first stages of a reversion from the Red 

 Chestnut to the Horse-Chestnut. 



Pavia (Pavias). A beautiful group of North American or 

 Japanese trees, most of which bear erect panicles of white or 

 yellowish flowers, and distinguished from Horse-Chestnuts " by 

 having a smooth, not prickly, capsule." Several varieties of P. 

 rubra, or Red-flowered Chestnut, are grown in our gardens, 

 where it serves for grouping, along with the white-flowered 

 Chestnut, just as pink Thorns are contrasted with the Common 

 Hawthorn. P.flava has very beautiful orange-yellow and brown 

 foliage in autumn ; and P. macrostachya flowers in August in 

 London gardens as a low-growing tree, and its numerous ele- 

 gant spires of white flowers render it a most attractive object. 

 P. discolor is also well worth more general culture. The Pavias 

 may be propagated either by seeds sown in the open air in 

 spring, or by cuttings or layers. In some nurseries it is usual 

 to graft or bud these plants on seedlings of the Horse-Chestnut 

 as a stock ; and M. Baltet recommends shield-budding with a 

 cross incision in July, or cleft, flute, or crown grafting in March 

 and April. The buds at the base of the scion branches do not 

 break so readily as those in the centre ; so the latter ought to 

 be selected, and the ends of the shoots are crown-grafted, to 

 economise the scions. 



