THE CRANBERRY FAMILY. 559 



THE ELM FAMILY (Ulmacea). 



Trees or shrubs, principally natives of North Asia, Europe, 

 India, China, and North America, and represented in our 

 gardens by different species of Ulmus (Elms), Celtis (Sugar- 

 berry), and Planera. Propagated by seeds when procurable, 

 or by layers. The weeping, golden - leaved, and variegated 

 varieties of Elm are grafted on the common green-leaved 

 species as a stock. The Planeras also do well grafted on the 

 Common Elm. 



From the ' Gardener' (1871) we learn that in Lord Petrie's 

 Park, Thorndon Hall, Essex, some Elm-trees are growing which 

 have been grafted on Hornbeam stocks (Carpinus). If this is 

 correct, which we cannot help doubting, it is the first instance 

 of grafting having been successful between two different natural 

 orders. It appears that, " according to the observations of Dr 

 Bull " (in the ' Florist '), " the English Elm, in ordinary Here- 

 fordshire soil, grows more rapidly than that most vigorous- 

 growing of all the varieties of the Wych Elm, the Chichester 

 Elm a tree that in suitable soil will often make shoots of 

 from six feet to ten feet long in a single year." The experi- 

 ment, he says, has been made. " Some say that the English 

 Elm won't grow well ; but the fact is, they are sent out grafted 

 on the Mountain or Wych Elm. So long as the tree is planted 

 in the rich loamy soil so prevalent in nurseries, the advantage 

 is undeniable, a larger tree is grown in a shorter time and 

 equally good ; but remove it to the ordinary stiff clay loam of 

 Herefordshire, and the Wych Elm will not thrive. The con- 

 clusion is evident : plant English Elms on their own hardy 

 roots." 



Ulmus berardi is a very remarkable and distinct variety of 

 the Common Elm (Ulmus campestris), raised in 1865 by MM. 

 Simon-Louis of Metz. It forms a very bushy shrub, with very 

 slender branchlets, and in its foliage exactly resembles Comp- 

 tonia asplenifolia. The leaves are of a very dark green, almost 

 black, very small, and irregularly crenated, like those of Planera 

 crenata, and usually stand erect on the branches, which they 

 almost entirely hide from view. 



THE CRANBERRY FAMILY (Vactiniacea). 



A group of shrubs or small trees, frequently evergreen, and 

 principally valuable for the sake of their edible fruits. They 



