TIME TO PRUNE VINES. 133 



will be from six to eight inches apart, in which case 

 every bud on the upper side may be allowed to remain. 

 From the marks opposite the buds stretch No. 16 gal- 

 vanized wire to the bar above, fastening each end se- 

 curely by winding about the bar or otherwise. Instead 

 of now fastening the vine to the trellis, it is better, but 

 not absolutely necessary, to bring the ends down near 

 the ground, and fasten them there with hooked pegs, as 

 seen in Fig. 42. If the ends are fastened to the lower 

 bar in a horizontal position at once, the buds nearest to 

 the base will usually push first, because the short bend in 

 the cane at that point checks the flow of sap and forces 

 it into the buds near by, while the sap that flows past 

 these buds goes rapidly to the extreme end of the arm, 



FIG. 42. 



and forces the buds at that point into growth. In such 

 cases the buds between those at the base and the extreme 

 end will sometimes fail to produce canes. To avoid this 

 we bend the canes as represented ; this graduates the 

 check which is necessarily given to the flow of sap, and 

 each bud stands more nearly the same chance to get its 

 proportion. When the buds have all started, and made 

 a growth of two or three inches, then the arms should 

 be brought up level and fastened to the side of the lower 

 bar. All buds and shoots not wanted for upright canes 

 should be broken off, and so soon as those remaining are 

 long enough to tie to the upright wires, it should be 

 done. They should not be tied too close, as room enough 

 should b* left for them to grow. It will sometimes hap- 

 pen, when the arms are laid down, that in selecting buds 



