TIME TO PKUNE VINES. 137 



equally balanced in fruit, foliage and wood. The vine 

 referred to above has six upright canes, which, if evenly 

 distributed, would give eight inches space between each, 

 which is abundant for those varieties that have leaves of 

 moderate size. But with those that have very coarse 

 wood and large leaves, the distance between the upright 

 canes should be ten or twelve inches. 



The upright canes are pruned back the first year to 

 two buds ; the small cross lines near the base of the 

 canes, Fig. 44, show where they should be cut. The 

 next year a cane will proceed from each of these buds, 

 and all other shoots which may start from the small 

 buds near the arm should be rubbed off. Or, if the 

 buds should produce two shoots each, as they will some- 

 times do, only the strongest one should be allowed to 

 grow. 



The second year the two canes will each produce 

 three or four bunches of fruit, and instead of twelve 

 upright canes we now have twenty-four, and allowing 

 three bunches of fruit to each, it gives seventy-two 

 bunches to each vine, and this is not an over-estimate 

 for the product of a vine the fourth year after planting. 

 The canes are to be treated the same, as regards stop- 

 ping, pinching, laterals, etc., during each year of their 

 growth. 



Fig. 45 shows a vine at the end of the fourth year, 

 but with only five spurs, with two canes on each, making 

 ten bearing canes on each arm. The first two canes at 

 the right hand of the center are represented with the 

 three bunches of fruit upon each. The cross lines near 

 the base of the shoots show where the vine is to be 

 pruned ut the end of the fourth year. The uppermost 

 of the two canes is cut entirely away, and the other is 

 cut back to two buds. 



Fig. 46 shows this same vine as it appears after 

 being pruned. The vine, in subsequent years, is to be 



