TIME TO PRUNE VINES. 145 



Each vine has but two arms, and the number of 

 upright fruiting canes should be the same on each arm, 

 the vines being treated, in every respect, as described for 

 the single tiers. The vine at each end of the trellis will 

 have but one arm, whether it happens to be on the upper 

 or lower tier. 



The trellis is represented as being seven feet high, 

 the lower bar being one foot from the ground, and the 

 other two three feet apart ; this allows of three feet 

 growth to the upright canes, which is sufficient for the 

 strongest growers ; but there are many varieties that are 

 short jointed, for which two feet will do. And in loca- 

 tions that are low or very level, it is better to place the 

 lower bar eighteen inches or two feet from the ground, 

 so as to insure a better circulation of air among the 

 lower leaves ; besides, in some very fine soils, the fruit 

 on the lower tier will get spattered during heavy rains, 

 unless the ground is mulched. But there is no need of 

 ever making the trellis higher than seven feet in a vine- 

 yard, and there is much inconvenience attending the 

 tying of the vine on a trellis, the top of which cannot be 

 reached while standing on the ground. 



When it is desirable to have the lower arms more 

 than one foot from the ground, and still reserve three 

 feet space for the upright canes, it may be done in this 

 wise : Place the lower bar two feet from the ground, 

 the next three feet above it we now have two feet 

 remaining between the middle and upper bars. 



The upright canes from the upper arms may be 

 allowed to grow one foot or more above the trellis with- 

 out support, and they will receive no harm therefrom. 

 Where it is desirable to economize in every way possible, 

 the trellis may be made only six feet high (provided the 

 lower bar is placed at one foot from the ground), and 

 the bars arranged so that the shoots from the upper tier 

 may be allowed to grow above it. 

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