TIME TO PRUNE VINES. 149 



same as the main canes. The two arms will then appear 

 to have started from the same bud. But if the lateral 

 does not grow sufficiently strong to be used for an arm, 

 it should be cut entirely away at the time of the annual 

 pruning. 



The main cane on the lower bar should be cut off 

 where it crosses the vine next to it, and the cane on the 

 upper bar at a point directly above the main trunk of 

 the lower vine. If we fail to get an arm from the lateral 

 the first season, we may allow the main cane to remain 

 in its position, and permit so many buds to grow from 

 it as we desire for the upright fruiting canes ; but the 

 bud which is at the base of the lateral, A, we will allow 

 to grow up until long enough to make the arm, in place 

 of that which we failed to get from the lateral. At the 

 end of the second season we bend this down, and form 

 an arm precisely as would have been done with the lat- 

 eral ; and the vine will appear the same, except that one 

 of the arms is one year older than the other, and of 

 course it is considerably larger. To remedy this differ- 

 ence in appearance, the upright canes on the two-year- 

 old arm should be cut back to one bud, instead of two, 

 as would have been done if both arms had been perfected 

 the first year, allowing only single upright canes on both 

 arms this season. The cane that is bent down the first 

 season will usually produce fruit the second ; but it is 

 best not to let it produce more than one bunch upon each 

 upright cane, unless it is very strong. The object 

 should always be to subdue the vine, but not to weaken 

 it, and if it is necessary to commence training it the first 

 season after planting, it should be done ; and it is far 

 less trouble to get control of the vine while young, and 

 there is less danger of injuring it than if we wait until 

 it has spread its roots and branches far and wide before 

 we undertake to confine it within certain contracted 

 limits. 



