152 THE GRAPE CULTUEIST. 



feet, and laid down and covered with earth four or five 

 inches deep is usually sufficient. The next spring re- 

 move the earth and straighten up the vine. Build the 

 trellis in the same manner as described for low trained 

 vines with two arms ; that is, four feet high and three 

 feet between the bars. Fig. 52 shows the system in its 

 progressive stages. The vine on the left shows the one 

 strong cane at full length ; the next vine after it has 

 been pruned, and wi^i the single upright bearing canes ; 

 the third vine as it appears complete at the end of the 

 third year ; the fourth vine (d) shows the same, pruned 

 and laid down ready for covering. 



If good strong vines are planted, the system can be 

 brought to completion in the third season ; but strong 

 and vigorous canes must be obtained, in all cases, before 

 commencing the training. The vines are trained at an 

 angle of forty-five degrees, and the bearing canes being 

 perpendicular, they consequently make the same angle 

 with the vine that the vine does with the ground. 



This is the highest, or greatest angle, to which vines 

 can be carried without giving the upper shoots on the 

 arms so much the advantage over the lower ones that 

 there will be no certainty of the lower ones pushing into 

 growth without bending, or otherwise distorting, the 

 canes. 



We will suppose that, at the end of the first season, 

 we have a vine as shown at the left of the engraving. It 

 is then laid into position, as seen ; we then cut it off at 

 the point where it crosses the perpendicular wire, leaving 

 it an inch or two beyond it, so that it can be securely 

 tied. The cane, when cut off, will be about four and 

 one-half feet long. It may now be laid down by the side 

 of the trellis and covered with earth. In the spring 

 take up the vine and tie it to the trellis ; and to be sure 

 of getting the correct angle, let the point where the cane 

 crosses the lower bar and the point where it is tied to 



