162 THE GRAPE CULTUEIST. 



to the arm in one season, for if a cane of more than four 

 feet is laid down, some of the buds will often fail to grow. 

 The vine may be planted, if need be, several feet from 

 where we wish to train it, and the arm be allowed to 

 extend that distance without producing upright canes, 

 as it will make no difference in the result whether the 

 sap flows through one or ten feet before it reaches the 

 leaves. 



Four Tiers of Arms. Sometimes it is desirable 

 to fill a certain space which is higher than would be 

 occupied by two tiers of arms ; if so, plant the vines 

 only two feet apart, instead of four, and form four tiers 

 in the same way as we formed the two tiers. Or twjo 

 tiers of arms may be formed from one vine, although it 

 will take a year or two longer than it would to plant 

 more vines, and only take two arms from each one. 



Fig. 55 is a very correct representation of an old 

 Hartford Prolific vine, with two tiers of arms from the 

 same vine. The arms are eight feet long, so that the 

 vine covers a space sixteen feet long and only six feet 

 high. There are ten spurs upon each arm, making forty 

 in all, giving eighty upright bearing canes, and it is 

 allowed to bear from two hundred and fifty to three 

 hundred bunches annually. One season it produced 

 two hundred and fifty-six bunches. 



I have introduced this vine here for two purposes : 

 First, to show how an old vine that has been grown 

 without any system of training may be brought into a 

 good form ; and second, that I may more thoroughly 

 impress upon the mind of the reader the importance of 

 training vines with horizontal arms, for the purpose of 

 improving the quality of fruit as well as controlling the 

 growth of the vine. Having an old Hartford Prolific 

 vine in my garden, the fruit of which could usually be 

 shaken off so soon as ripe, I thought I would try and see 

 if the arm and spur system would have any effect upon 

 it, and in any degree remedy this defect. 



