166 THE GRAPE CULTURIST. 



Double Stem. A few years since I had some vines 

 growing in a border on the south side of a wall. They 

 started so early that most of the young shoots were cut 

 off by a late frost ; consequently the buds which I hud 

 selected for arms were destroyed. The vines being 

 young, new shoots started from below the ground. I 

 cut away all the old stem, and selected two of the strong- 

 est shoots that came up, and cut off the others. These 

 two shoots were kept tied to a stake during the season, 

 the laterals pinched, etc. The next spring the two 

 canes were laid down for arms ; those for the upper tier 

 were twisted around each other, and then laid down and 

 fastened to the middle bar. 



Fig. 56 shows one of these vines when it became 

 well established. Accidents will often happen in vine- 

 yards, as well as in gardens, rendering it necessary to 

 have recourse to some such plan to restore lost arms 

 without loss of time. This is perfectly practicable, and 

 the final result will be as satisfactory as though there 

 had been no interference with the plan laid down at the 

 beginning. Many other variations from the usual course 

 of proceeding might be giv 7 en, but I have mentioned 

 enough to show that a general principle may be taken as 

 a guide in grape culture, and still be varied to suit the 

 different circumstances attending it. 



Trellises in Gardens. The same form of trellis 

 described for vineyards may be used in the garden, vary- 

 ing it in length, height, etc., to suit the position in 

 which it is placed, as well as to meet the wants of any 

 particular vine. A trellis is indispensable, as the vines 

 should never be fastened directly on the side of a build- 

 ing or fence, but should be, at least, six inches from 

 them ; a foot is still better, as this allows a free circula- 

 tion, of air behind the vine, and prevents, in a great 

 measure, the burning of the leaves, which usually occurs 

 when vines are laid against the boards or wall. Besides, 



