236 THE GEAPE CULTURIST. 



spot surrounded by a narrow dark rim. As the spots 

 increase in size the color undergoes various changes; 

 sometimes there is a zone of vermillion surrounding a 

 grayish center. The berries may shrivel up, or be 

 developed unequally, the affected side being somewhat 

 flattened. 



Remedies and their Preparation. There are four 

 fungicides which extended experiments have shown to 

 be efficacious in checking and destroying the fungus dis- 

 eases described. These are (1), a simple solution of 

 copper sulphate ; (2), the Bordeaux mixture ; (3), the 

 ammoniacal solution of copper carbonate; and (4), eau 

 celeste. There may be other fungicides equally as good, 

 but the preceding have been thoroughly tested and rec- 

 ommended by those who have used them the most 

 extensively. 



Simple Solution of Copper Sulphate. This is 

 prepared by simply dissolving one pound of the copper 

 sulphate in twenty-five gallons of water. 



Bordeaux Mixture. The formula now in general 

 use is that containing six pounds of copper sulphate and 

 four pounds of lime and twenty-two gallons of water. 

 The sulphate should be dissolved by throwing it into 

 about a half barrel of water, stirring it occasionally to 

 hasten the operation. In another vessel slake the lime 

 with sufficient water to make a thin whitewash, and then 

 pour this into the barrel containing the sulphate, strain- 

 ing it through an old sack to remove sticks and undis- 

 solved pieces of lime. Fill up to make the twenty-two 

 gallons, and the solution is ready for use. Of course, a 

 larger or smaller quantity may be made at one time, pre- 

 serving the proportions of the ingredients very nearly, 

 although slight variations will scarcely be noticed in the 

 results. If the mixture should spot the leaves, then 

 reduce the proportion of the sulphate. 



Ammoniacal Solution of Copper Carbonate. 

 In an ordinary water pail dissolve five ounces of copper 



