FUKGUS DISEASES. 237 



carbonate in three pints of spirits of ammonia having a 

 strength of 26. If the three pints of ammonia are not 

 sufficient to completely dissolve the copper, add as much 

 more as required. When fully dissolved pour the solu- 

 tion into a barrel and fill up with water. 



Eau Celeste. Dissolve two pounds of copper sul- 

 phate in eight gallons of water, and when thoroughly 

 dissolved add three pints of spirits of ammonia, and 

 dilute to fifty gallons. Where the vines have thin 

 leaves this solution will sometimes burn or spot the foli- 

 age, and a modified formula is preferable, viz. : Dis- 

 solve four pounds of the copper sulphate in ten or twelve 

 gallons of water. Add three pints of ammonia, and 

 dilute to fifty gallons, then add five pounds of common 

 washing soda. Stir or allow to stand until the soda is 

 dissolved, and the solution is ready for use. 



These remedies are not given because it is supposed 

 that they will be required in all localities, for there are 

 many in which none of the fungus diseases have, as yet, 

 been sufficiently destructive to cause any serious loss, 

 but whenever required, it is well to know that remedies 

 are at hand and may be applied at a cost of not more 

 than two or three cents per vine. There are also some 

 varieties far more susceptible to the attacks of the mi- 

 croscopic fungi than others, and in case they are worth 

 preserving, the fungicides should be applied ; but, as a 

 rule, I do not think vineyardists will care to cultivate 

 varieties which require constant dosing to keep them in 

 a moderately healthy condition, at least, not with the 

 present price of grapes in our markets. 



Application of Remedies. For the downy mildew 

 and gray rot, either of the solutions described will answer 

 very well ; but the ammoniacal copper carbonate is usu- 

 ally preferred, because the cheapest, and less liable to 

 injure the foliage. The first application should be made 

 about the time the fruit is well set on the vines, and 



