238 THE GRAPE CULTUEIST. 



then repeat the spraying every two weeks until the fruit 

 begins to color. The eau celeste is said to be preferred 

 by the vineyardists of Ohio, for the downy mildew, and 

 in some other northern localities, but in the Middle and 

 Southern States it appears to injure the foliage more than 

 the simple carbonate copper solution. For powdery 

 mildew alone ammoniacal copper carbonate solution is 

 recommended, but almost any of the copper solutions 

 will answer. Unfortunately, however, the powdery mil- 

 dew seldom exists alone, and for this reason it is better 

 to apply the Bordeaux mixture or eau celeste at once, 

 and destroy the various species of fungi which may be 

 present on the vines. 



In treating the vines for black rot, the first applica- 

 tion of fungicides should be made early in spring, before 

 the buds begin to swell, and with the simple solution of 

 copper sulphate. Then, when the leaves are about half 

 grown, apply Bordeaux mixture, and, a few weeks 

 later, spray with ammoniacal carbonate solution. But 

 the treatment is greatly varied, some vineyardists prefer- 

 ring one fungicide, while others depend entirely upon the 

 simple solution of copper, or use this and the Bordeaux 

 mixture alternately. For anthracnose the Bordeaux 

 mixture is most extensively used, and appears to give 

 the best results. 



Method of Applying Remedies. The application 

 of all the various fungicides should be in the form of a 

 fine spray, in order to reach every part of the vine. By 

 such means a very small quantity of the solution is made 

 to wet a very large surface, and without drenching the 

 vines. This is now quite practicable with almost any of 

 the modern spraying pumps, of which there are many 

 forms and sizes to be obtained of dealers in agricultural 

 and horticultural implements, and in almost eyery city 

 and village in the country. If the amateur with a few 

 vines does not care to purchase an expensive appa- 



