CARNARIA. 65 



hound is longer and more lank ; its frontal sinuses are smaller, and its scent weaker . 

 The Shepherd's Dog, and the Wolf Dog resume the straight ears of the wild 

 ones, but with a greater cerebral development, which continues to increase together 

 with intelligence in the Barlet and the Spaniel. The Bull Dog, on the other 

 hand, is remarkable for the shortness and strength of his jaws. The small pet- 

 dogs, the Pugs, Spaniels, Shocks, &c. are the most degenerate productions, and 

 exhibit the most striking marks of that power to which man subjects all 

 nature. 



The dog is born with his eyes closed ; he opens them on the tenth or twelfth 

 day; his teeth commence changing in the fourth month, and his full growth 

 is attained at the expiration of the second year. The dog is old at fifteen 

 years, and seldom lives beyond twenty. His vigilance, bark, and susceptibility 

 of education are well known to every one. 



C. lupus, Lin. (The Wolf.) A large species with a straight tail ; legs fawn- 

 coloured, with a black stripe on the fore-legs when adult ; the most mischievous 

 of all the Carnaria of Europe. It is found from Egypt to Lapland, and appears 

 to have passed into America. Towards the north, in winter, its fur becomes 

 white. It attacks all our animals, yet does not exhibit a courage proportioned 

 to its strength. It often feeds on carrion. Its habits and physical development 

 are closely related to those of the dog. 



C.jubatus, Cuv.; Agoura-Gouazou, Azzara. (The Red Woif.) A fine cin- 

 namon-red: a short black mane along the spine. From the marshes of South 

 America. 



C- aureus, Lin. ( The Chacal, or Jackal.) Less than the preceding ; the 

 muzzle more pointed ; of a greyish brown ; thighs and legs of a light fawn- 

 colour ; some red on the ear ; the tail scarcely reaching further than the heel. 

 It is a voracious animal, which hunts like the dog, and in its conformation 

 and the facility with which it is tamed resembles the latter more closely than 

 any other wild species. Jackals are found from the Indies and the environs 

 of the Caspian Sea, as far as and in Guinea ; it is not certain, however, that 

 they are all of one species. Those of Senegal, for instance, ( C. anthus, Fr. Cuv.) 

 stand higher, appear to have a sharper muzzle, and the tail a little longer. 



FOXES may be distinguished from the wolf and dog by a longer and more 

 tufted tail, by a more pointed muzzle, by pupils which during the day form a 

 vertical fissure, and by the upper incisors being less sloping. They diffuse a 

 fetid odour, dig burrows, and attack none but the weaker animals. This 

 sub-genus is more numerous than the preceding one. 



C. vulpes, Lin. (The Common Fox.) More or less red ; tip of the tail white ; 

 found from Sweden to Egypt. Those of the north have merely a more bril- 

 liant fur. This species was introduced into America by some Englishmen, 

 and has been described by some authors as a different species. 



The prairies of North America also produce a h'ttle Fox (C..velox, Harl. 

 and Say), which h'ves in burrows. 



C. cinereo-argenteus, Schreb. (The Tri-coloured Fox of America.) Ash- 

 coloureJ above; white beneath ; a cinnamon-red band along the flanks. From 

 ah* the warm and temperate parts of the two Americas. 



F 



