RUM1NANTIA. 103 



E. zebra. (The Zebra.) Nearly the same form as the ass; the whole 

 animal regularly marked with black and white transverse stripes ; originally 

 from the whole South of Africa. 



. quaccha. (The Couagga.) Resembles the horse more than the zebra, 

 but comes from the same country. The hair on the neck and shoulders is 

 brown, with whitish transverse stripes ; the croup is of a reddish grey ; tail 

 and legs whitish. The name is expressive of its voice, which resembles the 

 barking of a dog. 



E. montanus. (The Onagga.) An African species, smaller than the ass, 

 but having the beautiful form of the Couagga; its colour is a very light bay, 

 with black stripes, alternately wider and narrower, on the head, neck, and 

 body. Those behind slant obliquely forwards ; legs and tail white. 



ORDER VIII. 



RUMINANTIA. 



THE term Ruminantia indicates the singular faculty possessed by these 

 animals of masticating their food a second time, by 

 bringing it back to the mouth after a first deglutition. 

 This faculty depends upon the structure of their 

 stomachs, of which they always have four, the three 

 first being so disposed that the food may enter into 

 either of them, the resophagus terminating at the point of communication. 



The first and largest, a, is called the paunch; it receives a large quantity 

 of vegetable matter coarsely bruised by mastication. From this the food passes 

 into the second, e, called the honeycomb, or bonnet, the parietes of which are 

 laminated like a honeycomb. This second stomach seizes the food, moistens 

 and compresses it into little pellets, which afterwards successively ascend to the 

 mouth to be rechewed. The aliment thus remasticated descends directly into 

 the third stomach, b, called the leaflet (feuillet), which is longitudinally 

 laminated, or like the leaves of a book ; and thence to the fourth stomach, c, 

 the caillette, the sides of which are wrinkled, and which is the true organ of 

 digestion. 



CAMELUS, Linnceus. 



The Camels approximate to the preceding order rather more than the others. 

 They not only always have canini in both jaws, but they also have two 

 pointed teeth implanted in the incisive bone, six inferior incisors and from 

 eighteen to twenty molars only ; peculiarities, which, of all the Ruminantia, 

 they alone possess. Instead of the large hoof flattened on its internal side 

 Avhich envelopes the whole inferior portion of each toe, and which determines 

 the figure of the common cloven-foot, they have but one small one, which only 



