THE TEATS. 77 



to the heart, the great agent for supply. Further- 

 more, the temperature of the close udder is retained 

 and maintained by a less expenditure of force, that 

 is, food, than the pendent one, which exposes a larger 

 surface to the air, and places the obstacle of gravity 

 to the flow of the blood. 



The teats should be equidistant and at a sufficient 

 distance apart. They are short, apparently from a cor- 

 relation in structure with the flattened gland. They 

 should be at some distance apart, as indicating the 

 extent of gland, and set evenly, as indicating the 

 evenness of size of the glands ; cylindrical, rather 

 than cone-shaped, as this appears to follow from the 

 tone of the tissues and type of the gland of this 

 breed. 



The length of the udder is accompanied by length 

 of quarter, and the breadth of udder by breadth of 

 hip, for the bony framework determines the distance 

 of possible attachments. As there seems a correlation 

 in this breed between the breadth of the hip and the 

 distance from the hip to the buttock, with the broad 

 udder, we should expect a long udder. Hence the 

 broad hip and long quarter so universally admired in 

 this cow. 



The squareness of the udder in its attachments not 

 only is indicative of capacity, but also of the broad 

 belly which so almost universally belongs to the cow 

 which best digests her food. The workshop of the 

 belly requires abundant room for the storage and 

 transforming of supplies, and this space, which is fur- 

 nished by the broad hips, and required and indicated 



