80 THE BONE. 



To harmonize with our ideal we would choose the 

 neck of medium length, clean and round in the 

 throat, neither too thin nor too thick, and with a 

 symmetrical taper. 



The head should have a look of extreme femininity, 

 a soft, intelligent, motherly expression. To attain 

 this, the nose must be fine and tapering to the ampler 

 muzzle, and the lower jaw neither heavy nor long, 

 especially on the broad-faced type of animal. Breadth 

 of face seems accompanied by a certain refinement of 

 jaw. The lower jaw is stated to be homologous with 

 the fore limbs, and under the law governing the de- 

 velopment of homologues, we should expect the fore 

 limbs to be varied in an allied manner. As a matter 

 of fact, the delicate and shapely head is rarely set 

 upon ill-fashioned limbs. 



Fineness and flatness of bone and firmness of joint 

 are points which experience has shown to be the 

 accompaniments of thrift in all breeds, and none the 

 less so in a dairy animal. This partiality for econo- 

 my influences us also in our desire for the diminution 

 of the bulk of those portions of the body that we con- 

 sider useless. Hence all folds and wrinkles, the large 

 brisket, excessive growth of horn, and all extremes 

 in non-essential points, are discountenanced by the 

 breeder. 



The animal may possess all desirable points in 

 detail, and yet be deficient, in that these characters 

 are not so blended as to form an harmonious whole. 

 The totality of structure must be sought, and be so 

 gained, that there be neither unnecessary weight nor 



