SCALE OF POINTS. 87 



showing on the two rearward lobes of the udder an 

 oblong mirror of large extent. 



Were we asked to present a scale of points for the 

 guidance in breeding the model Ayrshire cow, it 

 would take the following form : 



Udder. Capacious, broadly attached, extending far forward and back, 

 closely held to the body, the under surface broad and flat, no clefts, no 

 hollows. 



Teats. Shortish, cylindrical, of good texture, and set evenly at con- 

 siderable distance apart. 



Milk Veins. Large, tortuous, disappearing into the abdomen by an 

 ample orifice. 



Escutcheon. Large, extending well upwards and on thighs, mirror 

 marks large. 



Belly. Ample, broad, deep, and well held up. 



Head. Shortish, forehead wide; well set on neck. 



Nose. Fine between muzzle and eyes. 



Muzzle. Open and moderately large. 



Ears. Thin and orange colored. 



Horns. Widely set on and of moderate size. 



Neck. Of medium length, and straight from head to the top of the 

 shoulders, free from loose skin, fine at its junction with head, and taper- 

 ngby the symmetrical enlarging of the muscles towards the shoulders. 



Shoulders. Thin. 



Brisket. Light. 



Fore-quarter. Appearing thin in front from the contrast with the 

 hind-quarters and belly, but of sufficient thickness to ensure vigor. 



Back. Moderately long and straight. 



Spine. Well defined at shoulders, loose jointed, yet level. 



Short Ribs. Slightly arched, the concavity in the flank at their ex- 

 tremities responding quickly to digestive condition. 



Body. Deep at the flanks and in rib, broad. 



Pelvis. Long, broad, and straight. 



Buttocks. Neither pointed, nor round and fleshy. 



Hook Bones. Wide apart, not overlaid with fat. 



Thighs. Thin and broad. 



Tail. Long and slender, tufted, set on level with back. 



Legs. Short, the bones fine, flat, and the joints firm. 



Skin. Soft, moderately thick, loose and elastic. 



Hair. Soft and woolly, close. 



Temper. Quiet and docile, with nerves suppressed rather than active. 



Uolor. To please the breeder, but not roan. 



