UDDER. 151 



points will make up for deficiency in the form or size 

 of the milk-vessel. If this is in perfection, other and 

 minor points may be overlooked." 8 



The most noteworthy fact in the above series is the 

 stress laid upon the form of the udder, and this has 

 been caused by the educating influence of the many 

 farmers' clubs, with which the district has been 

 sprinkled. This influence was early manifested, and 

 competition must have had a great influence, in 

 changing the form of this useful portion of our ani- 

 mal, into a vessel not alone for use, but for beauty. 



In 1836, a large premium was offered for the 

 competition of this breed, by the Highland and 

 Agricultural Society, which long before had offered 

 encouragement to breeding stock ; and the local so- 

 cieties, some of long antiquity, had so increased, that 

 ill 1866 each parish had its local society, in addition 

 to "estate clubs," 9 while the county society supple- 

 mented the efforts of the smaller unions by embracing 

 the whole area and giving more weighty encourage- 

 ment. 



The effect of this interest in the breed, was to incite 

 the farmers to stronger efforts towards improvement. 

 The leading type of the breed at one time, is said by 

 Sandford Howard to be of the Kyloe or Highland 

 cross, and he vouches for the facts obtained by him- 

 self, substantially as follows : "Theophilus Parton, 

 of Swinly Farm, near Dairy, Ayrshire, about forty- 

 five years ago [1818] took great pains to establish a 



s Quoted inXat. Live Rtook Journal of Chicago, Feb. 1871, p. 183. 

 Fr. Essays H. Soc. 1865-7, p. 75. 



