CULTURAL DIRECTIONS 279 



the surface of the ground and at intervals of 12 feet pro- 

 vide ventilation under the bins. In severe weather they may 

 be closed by stuffing with old sacks. The bins are made 

 of 2 x 4 uprights, with 4-inch boards as siding, the boards 

 being placed 4 inches apart, and the uprights making an 

 air space of 4 inches between bins. When the driveway 

 is used for storage it is necessary to construct similar 

 bins in the passage, as this is filled from the wagons 

 backed in from each door toward the center of the build- 

 ing. The loft may be used for storing barrels and crates. 

 (See Figures 69, 70 and 71.) 



Some farmers store a few hundred heads of cabbage 

 in the house cellar. If this can be kept cool, moist and 

 properly ventilated, the results are generally satisfac- 

 tory. Most cellars, however, are not favorable to stor- 

 ing vegetables, and cabbage is an undesirable crop to 

 have in the cellar of the residence. 



Outside cellars are satisfactory if properly constructed 

 They may be used for other vegetables. The walls should 

 be stone, brick or concrete and the roof should be pro- 

 vided with air chambers, to make it frost proof. The 

 cellar may be of any desired dimensions, 14 x 18 feet 

 being the most common, and dug to any convenient 

 depth and the walls built up even or slightly above the 

 ground level. Rafters and boards may be used in the 

 roof construction, or boards alone if provision is made 

 for a ridge pole and purlins and supports between ridge 

 pole and side walls. The roof should be covered with 

 soil, sods, manure or other material, to furnish additional 

 protection from cold. Small cupolas or ventilating 

 shafts should be built through the center of the pit at 

 intervals of about 15 feet. The gable ends should contain 

 windows for light and ventilation. 



Pits of both permanent and temporary character are 

 in common use. They vary in width from 8 to 18 feet. 

 The wider pits are more economical in construction for 



