PINEY TALLOW. 255 



is necessary. This substance is generally white, 

 sometimes yellow, unctuous to the touch " with some 

 degree of waxiness, almost tasteless, and has an 

 agreeable odour somewhat resembling common 

 cerate." It takes a liquid form at the temperature 

 of 97J Fahrenheit, and consequently, generally re- 

 mains solid in India, in which respect it differs from 

 palm or cocoa-nut oil. Its specific gravity at the 

 melting point, or 97J, is '8965, and at 60 is -9260. 



A piece of this tallow enveloped in folds of blot- 

 ting paper was submitted to strong pressure, and 

 scarcely sufficient elain, or pure oil, was expressed to 

 imbue the inmost fold. Its tenacity and solidity are 

 so great, that the united efforts of two strong men 

 were in vain exerted to cut a round piece of nine 

 pounds weight asunder with a fine iron wire, and it 

 was no easy task to effect a division even with the 

 assistance of a saw. Dr. B. Babington likewise re- 

 marked that, " on a fracture being made, it exhibits 

 a crystalline structure in small aggregated spheres, 

 composed of radii emanating from a centre not 

 unlike the form of Wavellite." Animal tallow, when 

 melted into large casks and slowly cooled, has a 

 somewhat similar appearance. 



When piney tallow is manufactured into candles 

 they come from the mould freely, differing in this 

 respect from wax, which it is found difficult to cast. 

 These candles afford as strong a light as those made 

 of animal tallow, and have the great advantage of 

 being free from the unpleasant odour of the animal 

 substance. 



Piney tallow readily unites in all proportions with 

 wax, spermaceti, and tallow, forming, when mixed 

 with spermaceti and wax, a compound which fuses 

 at a temperature approximating to their mean melt- 

 ing point according to their relative proportions. A 

 mixture with any of these ingredients has been. 



