A HISTORY OF BUCKINGHAMSHIRE 



Carex paradoxa, whose headquarters are near Harefield, occurring in some quantity in both 

 Herts and Middlesex, but it is rather as a straggler from the head centre that it extends into our 

 area. Another local and much misunderstood species, Carex data, or stricta as it is more fre- 

 quently called, grows near Rusholt and will probably be found near Burnham. Carex montana 

 has been reported from Chalfont, but I have not seen it there, and another plant of the sedge 

 tribe grows near Chalfont Park and is Scirpus cartels (the Blysmus compressus of many authors). 

 The small polygonum (P. minus) is common by the Chess, growing with Sagina nodosa in the 

 peaty borders of the stream, and these chalk streams with their nearly equal temperature 

 throughout the year seem especially to favour the growth of peat. Near Iver Heath, Smith's 

 cress (Lepldium heterophyllum var. canescens) grows, and a fumitory, F. Boraei, grows near 

 Uxbridge. Other local plants of the district are the red mint (Mentha rubra) growing at 

 Iver Heath, the climbing bindweed (Polygonum dumetorum), the mild persicaria (Polygonum mite), 

 plentiful at Iver, the tower cress (Arabis perfoliata) near Denham, and the shining crane's- 

 bill (Geranium lucidum), which is especially frequent about Denham ; the black alder (Rhamnus 

 Frangula) near Tilehouse, the spearwort (Ranunculus Lingua) near Chalfont, the bear's-foot 

 (Helleborus viridis), near Chalfont etc. ; the columbine (Aquilegia vulgaris) near Fulmer, the 

 mousetail (Myosurus) near Denham, the pansies Viola saxatilis and V. Paillouxi near Three 

 Households, and the dog violet (Viola canina) and hybrids of that species with V. Riviniana 

 grow on the heaths in the north. The barberry (Berberis vu/garis) near Colnbrook, as pointed 

 out by Gerarde in 1597 ; the hybrid poppy (Papaver hybridum) near Chalfont, the cress 

 Barbarea intermedia near Three Households, the coral-root (Cardamine bulbifera) near Amer- 

 sham, etc. ; the pinks Dianthus Armeria and D. prolifer, both reported from near Chalfont, but as 

 yet I have not been able to verify them ; the sandwort (Arenaria tenuifolia), Chalfont ; the 

 pearlworts Sagina ciliata and S. subulata, Iver Heath ; the tutsan (Hypericum Androsismum), 

 Chalfont, etc. ; the marsh St. John's wort (H. eludes), Iver Heath, perhaps now eradicated ; the 

 all-seed (Millegrana Radiola), Iver ; the petty whin (Genista anglica), common on the heaths 

 about Amersham and Penn; the dyer's weed (G. tinctaria), Fulmer; the dwarf gorse (Ulex minor), 

 abundant on the Tertiary commons ; the zig-zag clover (Trifilium medium) at the Chalfont 

 kilns ; T. striatum, Iver ; the yellow vetchling (Latbyrus Aphaca) near Denham ; the crimson 

 vetchling (L. Nissolia), Denham, first reported by John Hill in 1 746 ; the cinquefoil (Potentilla 

 argented), Fulmer, etc. ; the sweet agrimony (Agrimonia odorata) near Homer End ; the rose Rosa 

 systyla, very frequent in the Misbourne valley ; the service tree (Pyrus Tormina/is), at Fulmer and 

 Wraysbury ; the grass of Parnassus (Parnassia palustris) near Chen ies ; the orpine (Sedum Telephium), 

 Chenies, etc. ; the stonecrop (S. dasyphyllum), Amersham, etc. Both sundews, Drosera rotun- 

 difoliaand D. intermedia or longifolia, have been recorded for Iver Heath ; the milfoil (Myriophyllum 

 alterniflorum) is common in the Colne ; the willow herb (Epilobium roseum), at Chalfont, etc. ; 

 E. tetragonum near Wraysbury ; the Alexanders (Smyrnium Olusatrum) formerly grew about 

 Uxbridge and Denham, the great burnet saxifrage (Pimpinella major) near Chesham, the lambs' 

 lettuce (Valerianella rimosa) near Iver and Denham ; the cudweed (Filago galllca) was seen by 

 Dr. Lightfoot at Iver but has not been recently found, the camomile (Anthemis ntbilis) near 

 Iver Heath, the feverfew (Chrysanthemum Parthenium) near Langley, and I think native ; the 

 swine's succory (Arnoseris pusilla), recorded on old authority from Langley ; the hawkweed 

 (Hieracium murorum var. pellucidum), Amersham ; H. rigidum near Iver ; the smooth cat's-ear 

 (Hypochceris glabra), Denham ; the sheep's scabious (Jasione montana), Iver ; the huckleberry 

 (Vaccinium Myrtillus), Iver Heath, perhaps now confined to the Black Park ; the heaths Erica 

 Tetralix, E. cinerea and Calluna Erica ; the winter green (Pyrola minor), Great Missenden ; the 

 yellow bird's-nest (Monotropa) ; the scorpion grass (Myosotis repens), Chalfont; the dodder (Cuscuta 

 Epithymum), Iver, etc. ; the deadly nightshade (Atropa Belladona), Chalfont, etc. ; the calPs 

 snout (Antirrhinum Orontium), Thorney, etc. ; the broom-rape (Orobanche Rapum-gcnistte), 

 Fulmer ; the toothwort (Lathrea Squamaria), Chalfont, etc. ; the peppermint (Mentha piperita), 

 Iver Heath ; the calamint (Calamintha parviflora or Nepeta), abundant on the chalk above 

 the Chalfonts ; the small skullcap (Scutellaria minor) near Denham ; the upright ground 

 ivy (Stachys arvensis), Thorney, etc. ; the dead-nettle (Lamium hybridum), Thorney, etc. ; the 

 buck's-horn plantain (Plantago Coronopus) ; the goosefoots Chenopodium polyspermum, Chalfont, 

 etc. ; C. ficifolium, common in the lower part of the district ; C. opulifolium, common about 

 Drayton ; C. murale, Iver, etc. ; the persicaria (Polygonum maculatum), common in the lower 

 part near Staines ; the great bistort (Polygonum Bistorta), near Uxbridge ; the golden dock (Rumex 

 maritimus), Chalfont ; the birthwort (Aristolochia Clematitis), recorded from Denham by John 

 Hill ; the spurge laurel (Daphne Laureola), Chalfont, etc. ; the mistletoe (Vhcum album), Denham, 

 Wraysbury, etc. ; the hornbeam (Carpinus Betulus), abundant about Chesham and Amersham, 



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