ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY 



House did sit' 1 ; and he carried it by 115 votes to too, showing how 

 strong was the Puritan element in Parliament already. Both Peter 

 and Paul Wentworth gave information at different times against re- 

 cusants who came under their notice.' 



Of the more moderate reformers who really desired to keep the 

 old forms of Church government there are no conspicuous examples 

 in this county. It is indeed true that the great Hooker was for a 

 year or so rector of Drayton Beauchamp, just after that ill-assorted 

 marriage by which he ' was drawn from the tranquillity of his college, 

 from that garden of piety, of pleasure, of peace and of sweet conversa- 

 tion, into the thorny wilderness of a busy world ; into those corroding 

 cares that attend a married priest and a country parsonage.' a But the 

 county of Buckingham cannot claim much share in his glory ; it is 

 probable indeed that had he not obtained some other preferment his 

 genius would have been unknown to history ; the Ecclesiastical Polity 

 could scarcely have been written in the short and uncertain intervals 

 between the tending of sheep and the rocking of cradles. 4 



Of the third section, the recusants of Buckinghamshire, there is 

 a fairly clear record, although they were not very numerous. On this 

 difficult subject, to which modern historical methods have not yet been 

 searchingly applied, it is impossible as yet to attempt a revision of 

 popular notions ; but a very short study of the records shows that such 

 revision is very necessary. There is still, for instance, a rough distinction 

 often drawn between two classes of Roman Catholics in England during 

 the half century we are now considering ; that is to say, between the 

 loyal and high-minded, who held their convictions fast as a matter of 

 conscience, and yet hated and disowned the thought of making their 

 religion an excuse for plots against the queen and the State ; and the 

 disloyal, the dark conspirators, the secret assassins, who thought all 

 means lawful if only they could secure the triumph of their cause. In 

 the first class would be placed the majority of the recusant county 

 gentry ; in the second, nearly all the Jesuits and seminary priests. It 

 will be found, however, that in practice this distinction is extremely 

 difficult to maintain. As a matter of fact those who were never under 

 any suspicion of treason, and those on whose lives a price was always 

 set, were in close and familiar intercourse ; so that either the loyal 

 must have been much less loyal, or the traitors much less traitorous, 



i ' That so beginning their proceedings with the service and worship of God, He might the better 

 bless them in all their consultations and actions ' (D'Ewes, Journal, 282 ; 21 January, 1581). This sounds 

 very well : but it had been the custom of the House since the first year of the reign to begin the day's 

 work with the Litany and other prayers (ibid. 47, 156), and these had been already said on the very day 

 when Paul Wentworth brought forward this motion. He now wished a sermon added (of about an 

 hour and a half, as the usual time for assembling was 8.30), under the curious theory, so prevalent at this 

 time, that men honoured God more by listening to a sermon about Him than by offering their prayers 

 and praises. The fast day, it may be added, was fixed for Sunday ; an ordinance utterly opposed both 

 to the theory and practice of Christian antiquity. 



i S. P. Dom. Eliz. cxlvii. 47, and S. P. Dom. Jas. I. ii. 70. 



' Izaak Walton, Life of Hooker (ed. Keble), i. 24. 



Ibid. 

 I 313 4<> 



