1889. 



POPULAR GARDENING. 



15 



When we hiive jrnne to the execss of titting 

 and plantintr u phit for lierries, we often yield to 

 the temptation to eoutiniie thi? plantation as 

 lonir as there is any show for a fair crop, when 

 our experience and better judgement teaches us 

 it is not a profltablc thinir to do. 



I am satistied that in the lonji run it pays bet- 

 ter to fruit a Stniwberry plantation but imce, 

 planting; a new plat on new ({round every year. 

 We get much finer fruit the tirst crop, and line 

 fniit is what helps to build up a reputation for 

 your husiness. which an inferior crop, from a 

 second or tliirtl season's picking, minht go far to 

 destroy. Secondly, we are much more liiible to 

 breed injurious insects, and. thirdly, it is but 

 little more work to plant and care for a new 

 plantation than it is to properly clean out an 

 old one after fruiting. 



I would advise for field culture, that plants be 

 set three and one-half feet apart, each way, and 

 cultivate both ways, gradually narrowing the 

 cultivator as the hills spread. Give thorough 

 cultivation as long as weeds grow, and mulch as 

 soon as the ground is frozen bard. I find great- 

 est profit in late varieties, holding them back in 

 spring, by leaving mulch on as late as it can be 

 safely done. 



Assort in picking, putting nothing but No. 

 1 fruit in first grade. "Watch closely that no 

 picker squeezes or bruises the fruit in picking. 



With the at>ore management, I never have had 

 occasion to complain of unprofitable prices. 



With the Kaspberry. I do not think it will pay 

 to continue the plat longer than for three full 

 crops, and the Blackberry for five. And what I 

 have said above regarding insects and disease, 

 will apply with still greater force with these. 



One of the most important points to make 

 these fruits profitable is thorough culture in the 

 early part of the season. I have in mind a good 

 illustration of this fact in two places joining. 

 For the last three years I have observed these 

 plats. One has been given thorough cultivation 

 all through the early part of the season, and 

 none after the fruit was harvested, while the 

 other was neglected until the ground was very 

 dry, and then cultivation was continued until 

 late in the season. The latter has never pro- 

 duced a remunerative crop of fruit, while the 

 former has never failed to do so. 



I pinch or cut off the young growth when 

 about -^ feet high, and do no side pinching or 

 pruning until the following spring, at which 

 time the black varieties are headed in, leaving 

 branches about a foot long. The Snyder Black- 

 berry should be headed in much closer than 

 Lawton. Kittatinny or Taylor. 



Hardy Ornamental Shrubs for Car- 

 dens, Lawns and Hedges. 

 I Paper read by Jackson Dawson, gardener al the 

 Arnold Arboretum, be/ere the Massachusetts Horticul- 

 tural Society.} Continued from page 263. 



The species of Euonymuit are all orna- 

 metital in fruit, but their flowers are incon- 

 spicuous. E. atioinirpurcux is an Ameri- 

 can species, with rich scarlet fruit. E. 

 Amcricanus, \a.T. ohnviitHK, is a low-grow- 

 ing species, good for covering embankments 

 or any other purpose where a low growing 

 species is required. Of E. Europaus there 

 are many varieties, with white, yellow, 

 purple and scarlet fruits, all of which are 

 highly ornamental in the fall. E. rcrrn- 

 cosus is a small .shrub, with warty 

 branches. E nanug is an excellent plant, 

 where a dwarf one is required ; the autumn 

 and winter foliage is ot a rich brown, which 

 makes it very effective for winter work. 

 E. alittns is a fine variety from .Japan, with 

 winged bark. E. radicans and its variety 

 are excellent for covering rocks or fences, 

 clinging almost as well as Ivy. 



Of the Bitter-sweets, Celwitrua scajiden-s, our 

 native species, and C. punctatus and C. panicu- 

 latiui^ from Japan, are all rapid-growing 

 climbers, well suited to cover screens or un- 

 sightly buildings, and their orange and scarlet 

 fruit is very ornamental in autumn. 



Of the Buckthorns, Rhammts a I pin us has the 

 best foliage; R. catfmrtica is useful as a hedge 

 plant, and R. Frangula is ornamental on ac- 

 count t)f its continuous blooming, which gives 

 the plant a peculiar character, it t»ing covered 

 with flowers, green, red and black fruit during 

 the summer. 



Ceanothux <jvali» from Vermont is a neat low 

 shrub, with white flowers in June; C Ameri- 



ca »«.< blooms a mouth hiter; both are valuable 

 in dry soils. 



The different species ot wild Grapes are of 

 great value in covering up unsightly buildings 

 or walls: Vititt Lattrusca, trstivatis^ cordift)lia 

 and liparia are the most hardy. In the Am- 

 pelopsis section we have --i. (luimiuefolia and its 

 varieties, one of which, .-1. Eiiglcmanui, has 

 sucking tendrils like .1. Veitchii : A.heterophylla 

 and its varities, ac^mitifolia and serJauifcfiiUa 

 have blue berries. 



.Esculun macrnstaehya is a fine late-flowering 

 shrub, with spikes of white flowers. 



XanthoceraH snrbifulia is very curious in 

 bloom, but short lived. 



All the species of Rhus are fine for large 

 clumps or embankments, and when cut within 

 an inch or two of the ground every year make 

 a verj- tropical appearance. R. glabra, var. 

 tatiniata has fine fern-like foliage. R. copalltjia 

 is one of the finest for autumn coloring. R. ven- 

 enata and R. Tnricoflendrvn are well known as 

 the Poison Sumach and Poison Ivy. R, aroma- 

 tica is one of the finest coverings for banks ; 

 when once established it will giow in the poorest 

 of soils. R. Cotinus, the smoke tree, is a well- 

 known shrub, with mist-like flowers. R. semi- 

 alata Osbeeki is a fine large-growing shrub from 

 China, with large heads of white flowers in late 

 summer. 



Of Cytisus we have cupitatu^, with round 

 heads of yellow bloom, and (', nigricans,, with 

 long loose spikes of light lemon-colored blos- 

 soms, which appear about the flret of July. (' 

 ehingatiu'i biflonu* has round heads of flowers 

 during the early summer. 



Of Amorpha we have fruteseens and its many 

 varieties, all of which are coarse flowering 

 shrubs with bluish purple flowers. A . canescens, 

 the Lead plant seldom exceeds two feet in 

 height ; it has spikes of very blue flowers and 

 pretty foliage. 



The Wistarias are all fine climbing plants, well 

 adapted to the purposes that climbers are used 

 for. Ot these we have Chhiensis and the variety 

 alba andflore pletio brachybotrys and muttijuga. 



In Robinias we have R. vi,^cosa, the Clammy 

 Locust, with pinkish white flowers in June, and 

 R. hispida, the Rose Acacia, with long clusters of 

 pink blossoms, which flower at intervals all sum- 

 mer. There are several varieties of this old- 

 fashioned shrub, the difference being chiefly in 

 the size of the flowers. 



The Colutea or Bladder Senna, is very orna- 

 mental, and if well pruned will continue in 

 bloom most of the season ; the seed pods are 

 also very interesting. C. arbwescens has dark- 

 brown and yellow flowers, and there are several 

 varieties whose flowers vary from orange to 

 pale lemon color. 



Halimodendron argentea is a neat shrub from 

 Asiatic Russia, with clusters of purple flowers in 

 June ; it forms a handsome plant when grafted 

 on Caragana arboresccn.'i. 



The Ca'-aganas are a very ornamental class of 

 shrubs from China, Siberia and Dalmatia— all 

 perfectly hardy and free flowering. The species 

 are arboresccns and its varietj" pcndida and aren- 

 aria ; all the varieties of arhorescens attain 

 a good size C. fi-ute.icens and its variety grandi- 

 ftora are medium-sized shrubs, with bright yel- 

 low flowers. The low species are C. aUagana, 

 Chandagnf, pygmcea and spinnsa. The last is 

 well adapted for small hedges on account of its 

 long thorny branches. The dwarf and trailing 

 species make nice heads when grafted high on 

 C, arbr/re^ens. 



In the Plum family we have a large variety to 

 choose from, all more or less beautiful, and 

 many exceedingly handsome. 



The Kansas sand Plum, said to be a variety of 

 Prumis anguslifulia, is a neat low shrub from 

 two to four feet high, and is densely covered 

 with white flowers in early spring, which are 

 followed by yellow, red and nearly purple fruit 

 in abundance. This species should attract the 

 attention of our fruit growers, as it begins to 

 bear when less than eighteen inches high. P. 

 emarginata from Callfomia, is very similar to 

 our wild red Cherry. P. Pennxylvanica,P.Tirgin- 

 iana and a variety with semi-double flowers are 

 worth a place in the garden. 



The Siberia Apricot, P. Sibirica, stands well 

 here, and is a fine, sturdy plant, very striking 

 even when out of leaf, on account of its curious 

 colored bark. 



The varietiesof P. Pereica arc short lived when 

 budded on the Peach, but are very handsome. 

 They make neat plants and live much longer 

 when worked on the Plum. 



Prunwi Pissardi is a good addition to our gard- 

 ens when purple foliage is required. 



Pninux Simnni is a fastigiate tree, with light 

 rose-colored flowers and large purple fruits like 

 an Apricot. 



P. T>avidiana is a species with rose-colore<l 

 flowers, from China. 



Pmnus A mei^c^ana and its varieties are beauti- 

 fiil in early spring; they are adapted to large 

 shrubberie-s, but by judicious i>runing can be 

 kept at any desired height. 



Of Pntmi,* pnmila we ha\e two forms, one 

 from the Greek Lakes, with willow-like foliage, 

 growing five or six feet high, covered in spring 

 with small white flowers, and in summer with 

 black, cherry-like fruit. 



Our common variety of p. pumila seldom ex- 

 ceeds three feet in height ; liesides its flowering 

 quality it is one of the finest plants for autumn 

 coloring ; it might also be improved as a fruit. 



Pninu.^ spinosa anil its variety .flore p?*'«o, and 

 P. Myniholima and its varieties, are all hardy. 

 P. tomcntO!<a is a fine rose and white flowered 

 species, from the mountains near Pekin. 



Pmnus triloba is well known by all, but its 

 single variety has not been in this country until 

 a few years ago ; by the lovers of single flowers 

 it will be considered a great acquisition. 



The double-flowering Almonds. Prunus Japn- 

 niea alba, rosea, and mttltiplej: are all good 

 shrubs, hardy, but short lived. 



Pruniin pendula, when well grown, makes a 

 handsome plant for the lawn. Pritnus charnce- 

 eerasus is grafted either on standards or low on 

 the ground ; usually the former, but when 

 grafted low it forms a much more effective 

 plant. P. semperflorens continues in bloom 

 more or less all summer. 



The double-flowering Cherries, of different 

 varieties, are well worth a place in the garden. 



In the section of Spira"as we have good 

 material to choose from. S. salicifolia is the 

 parent of many garden varieties, such as Billar- 

 dierii, Leneana, latifolia, rosea, Bethlehemensis, 

 and others. These, if pruned well back every 

 spring will throw flower spikes twice the size of 

 those not pruned. 



Spiroea Dougla»sii is a beautiful species from 

 the Northwest ; this also has a number of very 

 showy varieties. &'. chama^drifolia and its 

 variety are a good flowering kinds. 



Spira-a millefolium, a curious rare species 

 from Nevada and S. predia, and its varieties are 

 the earliest species, except Thunbergii, which is 

 one of the finest plants for foliage or flowers. 



Spirua hypericifoUa and S. conna are early 

 bloomers. S. trilobata and S. Van Houttei are 

 two of the best late-flowering species. S. Japo- 

 Hi'ca has long been known as callnsa and foi- 

 tunei. They are all late bloomers, and if the old 

 flower heads are cut off as soon as out of bloom, 

 thej' will on good ground bloom well the second 

 time. S. Sorbifolia and *'. Tobolski are good 

 showy plants, with large spikes of pure white 

 flowers in June. 



A sub-section of the Spirieas are the NeHlioji. 

 The species opwli/oiio and its variety aiirca, are 

 coarse growing shrubs with white flowers A^. 

 .4mwreH^(!* is a flne, bold growing species from 

 Northern Asia. 



Exochorda grandiflora is one of the most 

 magnificent of our hardy shrubs. 



Rhodotypus Ken-imdes, with white flowers and 

 chocolate-colored seed, is a good old shrub. 



Of the Rubus there are several species worthy 

 of a place in the garden ; these are Rubus odnr- 

 ahig, the Red-flowering Raspberry, and R. delici- 

 osu.% the Rocky Mountain Raspberry; the flowers 

 of the latter are pure white, two inches across. 

 This has never been plentiful, as it is difficult to 

 propagate.- R.villosus ftwcpieno is rather coarse, 

 but the flowers are quite show.v. R hispidus 

 and R. Canadensis are useful to cover the 

 ground, where few other plants wUI grow. 



Xeriusa Alabamensis is a rare shrub, with 

 white flowers in June. 



Polentilla tridentata is a neat, low-growing 

 species with white flowers. P. fruticosa has 

 yellow flowers in abundance most all summer. 

 (To be Continued.) 



Something about New Grapes. 



[Extract of paper read by Geo.. W. Campbell before 

 American Nurserymen's Convention ] 



So many varieties have been brought for- 

 ward with extravagant and extraordinary 

 claims which have not been sustained, 

 that the careful and practical Grape grower 

 views with many grains of doubt, if not of 



