1889. 



POPULAR GARDENING. 



39 



declare there is not one i>f them in cultivation 

 at the i>resent time : and yet the improvement, 

 or say ultci-ation, of the tlower is accomplished 

 but slowly. The \ttrieties floured by Parkinson 

 show how in his time the strii)es were passing 

 outward to the edge to form the Picotec ; and 

 the bizarre farnation, figured in the " Botanieal 

 Magi»zine " in the year 178j<, is such high ijiialit.v 

 that it might be put on the show table to-day 

 with a fair chance of winning, proving that lUO 

 years of work do not greatly affect the flower as 

 reganls its technical qualities, a fact strikingly 

 illustrative of its possible high antiquity ; and 

 yet through the long period of its occupancy of 

 the garden we have no evidence that at any time 

 it has deviated in any degree from its typical 

 characters as to suggest hybridization. AH the 

 varieties we hear of and see appear to be gen- 

 uine representatives of Dianthus caryophyllus 

 alone. They are varieties i-esulting from cross- 

 breeding, without the aid of other blood ; true 

 hybrids of the Camatiou may be said to be un- 

 known. 



Notes on the Newer Plums. 



iExtrart of Paprr read by S. D. Wittard, be/ore the 

 American yurserynwjt^s Association .) 



The annoyance to which the Plum grower 

 has been subjected by reason of its caprici- 

 ous habits and the depredations of insect 

 life has caused this valuable fruit to have 

 been, until recent years, more or less neg- 

 lected, while attention has been bestowed 

 more lavishly upon the other fruits, but 

 with the advent of " The Wild Goose " a 

 new impetus seems to have been given to 

 the development of new varieties of Plums, 

 and the results have been satisfactory and 

 profitable, with the probability that in the 

 near future the growing ot Plums for mar- 

 ket may become one of the great industries 

 of the country. 



Downing tells us of three species of Wild 

 Plums indigenous to this country— the Chickasaw 

 Plum, the Red or Yellow Plum, and the Beach 

 Plum, while a fourth, which has become natur- 

 alized in this country, had it sparentage in Asia, 

 and has given us many valuable seedlings that 

 are grown with a remarkable degree of success 

 to-day over a large portion of our country, it is 

 of this species mainly that I shall speak, while at 

 the same time I would not ignore the value of 

 those sorts having their parentage from our Wild 

 Plum that seem especially adapted to sections 

 where the Euroj>ean varieties do not succeed. 

 Of some of the new varieties tested within the 

 past few years we have found the following good 

 enough to deserve notice: 



The Field. Much like Bradshaw ripening a 

 little earlier; very productive. Inclined to bear 

 early; origin Schoharie County, New York. 



Stanton's Seedling. Fruit medium size; color, 

 dark purple, with a beautiful bloom; verj- pro- 

 ductive; ripens from September 15th to Octot)er 

 1st, and has been kept two weeks after ripening, 

 with no tendency to decay As a fine canning 

 fruit it has no superior, and has fine quality as a 

 table fruit. 



Prince of fVaJe^. A variety imported from 

 England several years since; intensely produc- 

 tive; large, skin reddish-purple and thick bloom; 

 flesh greenish-yellow; very attractive and sells 

 well, though not of the highest quality. 



Middleburg. Fruit medium to large, dull cop- 

 per color; in shape and in keeping qualities much 

 resembling the Prune, keeping a long time with- 

 out tendency to decay; hardy, and ripening about 

 September 15th; a promising market variety. 



Shipper's Pride. Tree very hardy; productive; 

 origin. Cayuga County, New York; promises to 

 be valuable for market. 



Gtieii. Fruit very large, deep bluish-purple, 

 covered with thick bloom; flesh yellowish-green, 

 coarse, sweet and pleasant; great bearer and very 

 early; tree a hardy and rapid grower. This new 

 variety is regarded as very valuable for market 

 by growers along the Hudson river. Vigorous 

 grower. First to middle of September. One of 

 the l)est for a dark colored market Plum. 



Hudson River Purple Egg. A large, dark, pur- 

 ple fruit; considered very valuable as a market 

 variety, in some localities on the Hudson river. 

 A fine grower and productive. September, and 

 will be more sought after when better known. 



Peters' Yellow Gage. This valuable variety, we 

 think, was introduced by Ellwanger & Barry, 

 quite a long time since, and yet for some reason 

 has never been 'generally grown and recognized. 



Fruit large, nearly oval, bright inarbleil yellow; 

 flesh rich and juicy, quality ver.v good and very 

 productive. I have often thought that if eon- 

 flne<l to one yellow Plum this would be my choice. 



I'nnada Orleana. This variety has been grown 

 some years in the vicinity of Hamilton, Ontario. 

 Fruit medium to large, skin reddish-jiurple, cov- 

 ered wiih a blue bloom; flesh yellow, juicy, melt- 

 ing, very sweet and rich; ripens early in August, 

 and handles well. 



With a growing demand for Damsons in all 

 markets, considerable attention has been given 

 them. As a class they are hardy and productive. 



French Damson has much to commend it. Tree 

 a much better grower than Shropshire or Blue 

 Damson. Very hardy and an annual bearer; 

 very productive; fruit medium; dark copper 

 color, with rich bloom, and the liest Damson for 

 market purposes we have ever fruited; ripens 

 about two weeks later than Shropshire. 



Shropshire Damson. A Plum of fine quality, 

 as free from the attacks of curcuUo as the Com- 

 mon Damson, and of same color. The flesh is 

 amber colored, juicy and sprightly. In market 

 it has commanded nearly double the price of the 

 Common Damson, and is enormously productive. 

 Last of September 



Frogmore Dam.^tnn. Fruit small, intensely pro- 

 ductive, and promises well. Originated in the 

 Royal Gardens at Frogmore, England. 



Farleigh Damson. Another of the same class 

 from England, which promises well after fruit- 

 ing several seasons. 



The following new varieties are being tested, 

 each of which promises well and may prove val- 

 uable acquisitions to our list: Czar, Grand Duke, 

 Rivers' Early Proliflc, Black Diamond, Mallard, 

 Bittern, Curlew, Heron, Late Transparent. 



Botan and Ogon may have some value. The 

 fruit is promising in appeai*ance, while the trees 

 seem hardy. 



Kelsey is not sufficiently hard.v for the Middle 

 States. 



Hardy Ornamental Shrubs for Gar- 

 dens, Lawns and Hedges. 



{^Paper read by Jackson Dawson, gardener at the 

 Arnold Arboretum, before the Xassaehusetts Horticul. 

 tttral Society. ^ Continued from page 15. 



In Rosa, ot the natural species there are many 

 which are beautiful in their place, and the essay- 

 ist thought it would become fasionable to have 

 a garden of single wild Roses when the ground 

 can be spared. They are seldom much troubled 

 with insects, and one or two syringings will keeji 

 them clean for the season, and what with the 

 flowers in summer and the fruits in autumn and 

 winter they will repay by their cheerfulness all 

 trouble. Some of the best native species are 

 blanda, Aahansana, acicularis, Xuthana. (Mifor- 

 nica.Fedlerii, lucida, (yaroliniana. nitid^^foliosa, 

 an(\ sctigera. Of the American varieties, lucida 

 and nitida are the two best for covering banks 

 or planting as undergrowth for larger plants. 

 R. setigera is the wild Michigan Rose, one of the 

 finest of all the single American Roses, flowering 

 profusely after all the others are done. This is 

 the parent of the Queen of the Prairies. 



Of the foreign single Roses the best is Rosa 

 repens, a climbing species growing eight or ten 

 feet high. R. glauca is a fine species with pink 

 flowers and showy fruit. R. Alpina is the earl- 

 iest wild Rose. R. aciciilaris, cinnamomea, dume- 

 torum, canina, Belgradcnsis, rubige iio.sw and (0- 

 mcntosa are all good species. R. riihrifolia has 

 purple foliage, which stands well all summer. 

 R. arvetvsis and its varieties are all desirable. 



In the Scotch Roses we have many fine varieties 

 of all colors; they have neat foliage and dwarf 

 habit. A few of the best are fulgens, pencillata, 

 vennlosa, pimpineUifolia, and vestiilora. Rosa 

 aWa is a fine species, with good foliage and flow- 

 ers; it is the parent of several of our good gar- 

 den Roses. 



Rosa pumila, from the Minden Alps, is a dwarf 

 species with fine large flowers. 



Rosa rugosa, and its varieties, such as pink, 

 crimson and white, are worth a place in any 

 garden. 



Rosa Kamschatica resembles it, but is even 

 coarser in its habit. The fruit of this and rugosa 

 are very ornamental. 



Rosa multitlora Japonica is very desirable, both 

 in flower and fruit. 



<)i Pyiiis the varieties of arbiifi/o'"! are very 

 ornamental; puhens, serotina, grandifiora, me- 

 elmwcarpa and erythroearpa are all worthy of 

 cultivation. The fruit is brown or black, and 

 ripens during the latter part of the summer, ex- 

 cepting that of ei'ythrocarpa which is brilliant 



i-ed, does not ripen until the autumn, and hangs 

 on to the plant well into winter. P. siiectahilis, 

 prunifoUa, tiaecata, Parkmanni, Ringo, florihun- 

 da and malus llore pleno are all showy plants. 



I'lrriis Japonica has been improved so that 

 many varieties can now be had— single red, 

 white, carmine, rose and other shades, besides 

 several semi-double varieties. One of the finest 

 dwarfs of late introduction is P. JapoHica Maulei 

 which seldom exceeds two feet in height, and is 

 more floriferous than an.v ot the other varieties. 



Cotoneaster imlgari.", C. acutifoHo and C. to- 

 mentosa might be termed perfectly hardy. The 

 flowers of this genus are not as showy as those 

 of some others, but the fruits are very ornamen- 

 tal and last almost all the season. 



A II the Shad bushes ( Amelanchier) are hardy, 

 the.v are the earliest of spring-flowering shrubs. 

 They vary in size from about a foot to twenty 

 or thirty feet high. The flowers are white and 

 the fruit is edible. The species are Asiatica,al- 

 nifolia, alpina, ndgaris aod Canadensis. In the 

 Canadensis section there are a number of well- 

 marked varieties. The variety oblongifolia, from 

 the White Mountains, is the earliest of all, and 

 has edible fruit. Variety rotimdifolai. has 

 round leaves, and in the species raiiajidf nsis the 

 leaves are of a red color when beginning to open. 



Among the Hydrangeas there are some species 

 that might be termed perfectly hardy; these are 

 radiata, arhorescens, paHicu/afa, and its variety 

 grand'ftora. and restita and vestita imhescetis. 

 rf.<(i(a and its variety are the earliest to bloom: 

 and are followed by radiala, arbore.scen.s, panicu- 

 lata and paniculata grandijiora, so that we can 

 have them in bloom from June until September. 

 H. scandei^, the climbing Hydrangea, is a good 

 addition to our hard.v shrubs. 



Of the Deutzias we have gracilis and parviilora, 

 the latter a new species from Japan, with white 

 flowers a few daj-s earlier than gracilis. 



Among the Mock Oranges there are many 

 good hardy flowei-s. Some of them are Phila- 

 detithuslatifolius magnificus, a fine \ariet.v, with 

 large white flowers; nivalis, pearly white; grand- 

 itlorus, a fine large late variety; Zcijheri, with 

 flowei-s not much larger than Deutzias; Oordon- 

 niaas, a fine late American species; microphallus 

 a miniature species from Colorado; speciosus, a 

 fine variety; nivalis, a very pure white; Colum- 

 bianus, a fine intermediate-flowered species, and 

 coronarius and its \arieties. The grand'florus 

 section is the latest. 



Grape Rotand Flea Beetle Remedies. 



{From proceedings of Tenth Animal Meeting of the 

 Society for the Promotion of Agricultural Science, 

 held at Toronto, Can.^ 



Black Rot of the Grape. A paper treating 

 on this subject was presented by Prof. F. L. 

 Scribner, who reports that the experiments 

 with this dread disease this year were con- 

 ducted in a vineyard ot Concords, located in 

 good soil and with an admirable exposure. 

 Last year more than !«; per cent of the crop 

 was destroyed by rot. The vineyard was 

 therefore thoroughly infected with the dis- 

 ease. The preparations used were the Bor- 

 deaux mixture (8 lbs. sulphate of copper, 

 and 10 lbs. lime to 25 gallons of water) and 

 the commercial solution of carbonate of cop- 

 per (5 ounces of the carbonate and one cjuart 

 of ammonia to 22 gallons of water). Five 

 applications were made, the same vines be- 

 ing treated with the same preparation. The 

 weather during the present season in the 

 vicinity of Knoxville, has been most favora- 

 ble for the development of black rot. In 

 June, during the most critical period, there 

 were daily showers preceded by a very hot 

 sun and preceded by cold nights with heavy 

 dews. Fungi of all kinds flourished, and 

 Grapes were severely attacked by the rot. 

 Under these circumstances the remedies em- 

 ployed for preventing the disease were put to 

 the severest test, especially when such var- 

 ieties as the Concord and Cataba were the 

 subjects treated. The two preparations 

 named above were first applied April 3d, 

 when the young shoots were from 4 to 12 

 inches long. The other applications were 

 made at intervals utnil June 22d. The leaf 

 spot disease, or black rot on the foliage, be- 

 gan to appear Slay 9, and very soon it became 

 quite general throughout the vine. 



