1889. 



POPULAR GARDENING. 



43 



Grading. Thoroughly exnmlne the lawu. auit cor- 

 rtH't lrrej;ulaiitles ainl uneven places. 



Hardy herbaceous plants should be marked with a 

 labelleii stake, to Insure their safety nt;alost destruc- 

 tion next spring when the t>eOs nre dug over. To 

 muleh them sllghllv, or cover with Evergreen boughs 

 Is always a good precaution. 



Haneing baskets, vases, etc.. tobe emptied, cleaned, 

 replante<1 and taken under cover. 



Improvements. Now Is the most convenient time 

 usually for draining, trenching, making walks, mend- 

 ing lawn, etc.. and this work should be pushed ahead as 

 much as possible. 



Leaves raked fiom the lawn can be put to good use 

 for mulching, or as addition to the compost heap. 



Mannre, In the shape of well rotted compost, or of 

 bone nienl, wood ashes, etc., now to be applied to the 

 lawn broadcast. 



Mulchine. Shrubs In the border, Roses and most 

 other plauts in open ground are benefited by mulching 

 with coarse litter. It-aves, leaf -mould, etc. 



Planting. While the weather remains open, trees 

 and shrubs may still be taken up and reset, or planted 

 out as desired. 



Pansies. Protect the young seedlings for next 

 season by covering with Evergreen boughs, or coarse 

 litter after the ground becomes frozen. 



Protection. RhodtiKlendrons and other Evergreen 

 shrubs In exposed situation can be protected by plac- 

 ing Evergreen btiughs. but-end down, around them and 

 tying the tops together with stout twine. 



Stakes and garden requisites should be gathered and 

 stored away to be on haud and In good condition for 

 next -reason's use. 



Tools. Take care of lawn mowers and other tools. 

 Clean and oil the steel parts and gearing, and store 

 properly. 



PLANT CULTURE UNDER GLASS. 



Acacias should now be watered freely, and be given 

 occasional doses of liquid manure. 



Astiibe Japonica. Start for early bloom. 



Azaleas. For late blooming keep iu a cool part of 

 the house, for early blooming aud young plants place 

 in warmest part of the house. Plants at rest should be 

 kept only moderately moist. 



Abntilons. In order to secure bushy specimens the 

 leading shoots should be pinched back oceasionaliy. 



Achyranthes as a winter plant need a warm situa- 

 tion, attention as to watering and protection against 

 red spider. Pinch leading shoots back occasionally to 

 secure the desirable bushy form. 



Bulbs required for flowers during the holidays should 

 be brought into heat five or six weeks before flowers 

 are wanted. 



Cnphea platycentra to be kept In a light, sunny sit 

 ualion if a continuation of bloom is desired. Leading 

 shoots to he pinched in occasionally. 



Cineraria maritima to be treated like Abutilons. 



Chinese Primrose should be carefully watered. 

 Wetting thd foliage often causes loss by rot. 



Camellias. Keep cool and syringe occasionally, to 

 retard flowering as much as possible. 



Calceolarias and Cinararias for early flowering 

 should be shifted into large pots. Keep In a cool, light 

 air>- place. 



Carnations. Water moderately, and syringe occa- 

 sionally on suuny mornings. Stake and tie up as re- 

 quired. Air freely. 



Cyclanien.9- Keep close to the glass, and In an aver- 

 age temperature of 50 degrees. Plants In bloom may 

 be given occasional doses of liquid manure. 



Deutzia gracilis for early blooming to be started Into 

 growth by placing in gentle heat. 



Epiphyllum trnncatum. Start into bloom by plac- 

 ing in a light sunny situation, and Increasing heat aud 

 moist uie. 



Ferns. Repot when necessary; supply freely with 

 water. Keep free from insects, especially scale. 



Gesnerias- Water liberally, but avoid wetting the 

 foliage. 



Glozinias now at rest, and to be placed in a dry sit- 

 uation, and an average temperature of 50 degrees. 



Habrotamnns In a sunny situation will flower free- 

 ly, and should have liquid mauure occassionally. 



Heliotropes may be kept in boxes or large pots 

 where they have an abundance of root room. 



Insects. Fumigate weekly wlih Tobacco stems; or 

 keep the gutters with Tobacco tea on the pipes. De- 

 stroy mealy bujs by band picking, and scale by soap 

 wash. Syringe the house frequently for red spider. 



Jerusalem Cherries. Water freely and give liquid 

 manure occasionally. This will help to keep the ber- 

 ries on. 



Lily of the Valley. For early bloom begin forcing 

 towards end of the month. 



Mignonette. Keep as close to glass as possible. 

 Water moderately. 



Pansies for forcing, keep as close to the glass as 

 possible. Air freely and keep the ground among the 

 plants well stirred. 



Foinsettias. Place in warm, moist atmosphere and 

 close to the glass. Give liquid manure several times a 

 week, and maintain an average temperature of 60 

 degrees. 



Pelargonioms. Shift your plants as needed. Repot 

 those cut down some time ago, and place In smallest 

 suitable pots. 



Roses tralutM] to the rafters should be tied up as fast 

 as they grow, and a little weak manure water given 

 occasionally. 



Violets. Keep down all runners and dead leaves 

 and otherwise treat like Pansies. Those In frames 

 should be covered by end of monili with straw mats 

 or shutters. 



FRUIT GARDEN AND ORCHARD. 



Blackberries. The tender sorts In exposed sltua 

 tlons should always be protected against injury by 

 laying down. Trim out the old wood. Enrich the 

 field with stable manure, or bonedust aud potash, 

 wood ashes, etc., if needed. 



Currants and Gooseberries may be pruned and 

 mulched with stable manure. 



Cions of Tree Fruits. Cut and store in small bun- 

 dles in sand in the cellar. When stored In large par- 

 cels they are liable to heat and mold. 



Cuttings. Those of Grapes, Gooseberries, Currants, 

 etc., must be treated like Clons of tree fruits. 



Cider. All fruit not fit for sale or suitable for eva- 

 porating should be turned into cider and elder vinegar. 

 Rotten Apples should not be used. 



Grape Vines. Autumn pruning is now generally 

 conceded to be preferable to spring pruning. All ten- 

 der varieties should be laid down upon the ground, 

 and perhaps even slightly covered. 



Packing Frnit. Use only good, honest fruit, and 

 pack it tightlj' in clean barrels, or crates, labelling 

 carefully. 



Raspberries. Treat like Blackberries, but be more 

 generous in manuring. 



Rubbish. Clean up and burn prunings, leaves, litter, 

 and the like. 



Stra'wberries set in the fall must be protected dur- 

 ing the winter. Two inches of straw will answer. See 

 that drainage is perfect. Southern people who desire 

 to set northem-grovm plants should buy them now, 

 since they can not be had early enough in the spring. 



Stocks for root grafting shculd be lifted early this 

 month and stored in earth in the cellar, or in cold 

 frames, where they can be got at easily when wanted. 



Young Orchards. Every tree set this year should 

 be supported and protected by a mound around the 

 trunk. This is better than a stake. 



VEGETABLE GARDEN. 



Asparagus. Cut oflC the tops aud burn to destroy 

 the seeds. 



Cabbage. Pull and store for winter, but don't cover 

 very deep before cold weather sets in. 



Carrots. Gather, cut off the tops and store same as 

 Potatoes. 



Celery must be taken up and stored before hard 

 freezing weather sets in. Place upright in narrow 

 trenches, closely together, and cover with boards, 

 litter, soil, etc., as the season advances. Small quanti 

 ties may be packed in boxes in moist moss, and will 

 keep for a long lime. 



Onions keep best in a dry, cool, airy place. Protect 

 agains-t repeated freezing and thawing. 



Plowing in autumn is usually of benefit, if the 

 soil is reasonably dry the subsoil plow may follow the 

 common plow. 



Parsnips for early winter use to be taken up and 

 stui ed like Carrots. For spring leave in the ground. 



Rhubarb needs a heavy dressing of good compost to 

 be worked into the soil around the roots in spring. 



Spinach will winter better if covered with a few 

 leaves or a little hay just before the ground freezes 

 solid. 



FRUIT AND VEGETABLES UNDER 

 GLASS. 



Asparagus roots should be taken up at once, and 

 store<l In cold frames, so they can be got at when 

 wanted. 



Figs Store those in tubs or boxes in a cool dry 

 cellar before freezing weather sets In. Those intended 

 for forcing under glass must now be brought in. 



Frames. The sashes will soon have to be put on the 

 cold frames. Get them iu readiness. 



Grapes. Keep the late houses cool and dry. and air 

 freely. Decaying berries to be removed. Prune the 

 vines In the intermediate houses as soon as the leaves 

 fall. Clean off canes and lay them down. In very 

 early bouses the vines can now be started into gradual 

 growth. Protect the borders by a mulch of coarse 

 strawy manure before cold weather sets in. 



Lettuce in cold frames should be well aired, and at 

 the same time well protected from frost by means of 

 mats, shutters etc. In forcing pits the growing plamts 

 should be given an average temperature^of 55 degrees. 

 Air freely whenever the weather is suitable. Plants 

 in cold frames to be wintered over should not be pro- 

 tected except in severe storms. The green fly may be 

 kept In check by scattering Tobacco stems freely 

 around the plants. 



Pine Apple in fruit must be given a warm moist at- 

 mosphere. Young plants need a moderately dry at- 

 mosphere, aud from 35 to 60 degrees of heat. 



Rhubarb. Treat same as Asparagus. 



Strawberries. Those in pots are to be plunged In 

 cold frames before severe freezing weather sets In. 

 Water sparingly. 



Salsify. Treat same as Parsnips. 



Sea Kale. About last of the month cover of six 

 Inches or more of coarse manure or Utter. 



Squashes can be kept In a dry, cool place, but must 

 be guarded against frost. 



Tools. Gather up, clean, oil aud put them away 

 safely for next season's use. 



Turnips. Gather and stoie in barrels In a cool cellar 

 for immediate w^e, and in pits for winter and spring. 



THE POULTRY YARD. 

 Steel Trap. If properly employed it will 

 catch many of the enemies of the poultry keeper. 

 Have a long chain attached to it and the chain 



secured by a weight or a stake. 



Poultry Manure worth Saving. To make the 

 best use of Poultry manure it must be kept dry; 

 composted with leaf mould or dry muck and 

 sprinkled with kalnit or gypsum. 



Feed Judiciously. While there are many who 

 do not fee.l lavi-^lily. there are far more who do 

 not feed enough, or who feed very irregularly, 

 and the result is a poor lot of fowl^. 



Autumn Management. During the rainy sea- 

 son, give the fowls a hot feed in the morning. 

 Midlings mixed with chopped greens, with a por- 

 tion of meat scraps once a week, and wet with 

 scalding water, makes good rations. Give Wheat 

 or Corn at night.— Poultry Monthly. 



Water Regularly. A regular supply of water 

 is needed, and this if possible a little warm. Use 

 a shallow iron vessel. Warm it well and pour in 

 warm water. Being shallow it will prevent them 

 from getting too wet and will keei> warm suffi- 

 ciently long to enable them all to secure a supply. 



Cheap Convenient Disinfectant. Mixing one 

 bushel of finelj' sifted dirt and one pound of 

 chloride of lime. It flue Tobacco dust be added, 

 all the better. Dust over the floors or any por- 

 tion of the poultry-house, and it will greatly 

 assist in keeping off disease and vermin. The 

 cost is but a trifle.— Fla. Dispatch. 



Poultry Hospital. Every farmer should have 

 a small room in which all the sick chickens 

 should at once be placed, thereby saving the well 

 ones from catching the disease. There should 

 also be a picker house, in which to kill and dress 

 fowls for market. These buildings need not be 

 large, and will be found very useful. 



Keep the Poultry House Clean. Experience 

 shows that poultry are injuriously affected by 

 the emanations from filthy guarters, aud besides, 

 working in places wheie roost^s and floors are fil- 

 thy with droppings is an unpleasant task. Dry 

 earth is the best deodorizer known, and the best 

 absorbent to preserve the manure in the least 

 offensive manner. 



Automatic Feeders. The latest addition to 

 poultry supplies is a self-feeding hopper. It is 

 tilled with grain, and by a series of lessons in 

 gymnastics the bird is taught to place its foot up- 

 on a lever, agd is rewarded with a kernel. The 

 poultry man that has no time to scatter his feed 

 with his hands had better have an auction.— Ger- 

 mantown Telegraph. 



Cross Breeding. Cross-bred fowls, that is the 

 product of the uniim of two pure-bred fowls of 

 different breeds, are among the most profitable 

 fowls for the market man. In the use of tbem 

 he often obtains hardier fowls, better layers, bet- 

 ter table fowls, and in a word those that are 

 more profitable in every way~.H. S. Babcock 

 before R. I. Poultry Association. 



Prepare for Winter. "Let down'^ the fowls 

 easily and gi-aduaJly from the green food to dry. 

 If you have a silo you are all right. Be ready 

 for the cold wheather. It will come at once and 

 if you are not prepared for it, more danger can 

 be done in three days than you can repair all 

 winter. A warm, dry, properly ventilated house 

 is the first thing to see to. — Mass. Plowman. 



Market Fowls. As a rule. New York and Phil- 

 adelphia dealers prefer dressed poultry that has 

 the feathers only removed; head, feet and entrails 

 remain. Boston, Baltimore and rhicago markets 

 require that the fowls be "drawn." Some mar- 

 kets—as Chicago, for instance— give preference 

 to dressed poultry that has been relieved of the 

 heads and which has the skin drawn up and neat- 

 ly tied over the stumps. 



Dressing Poultry. To begin with, let all the 

 poultry fast twelve hours previous to killing it, 

 to insure an empty crop. The highest prices, 

 other things being equal, are paid for dry-picked 

 poultry. Be sure and remove all the pin feathers, 

 as any left in, give an untidy appearance that 

 goes against the successful marketing of the birds. 

 The best time to pick poultry without scalding 

 it is to pick while the birds ai*e warm. 



Dressing Poultry. If you want to know how 

 to dress your poultry so that {if otherwise good) 

 it will command the highest price, send right 

 straight to a commission house that deals in 

 poultry, or to some retail dealer in poultry in 

 the place where you propose to sell your poultry, 

 and find out just what kind of dressed poultry 

 sells best— whether dvy or wet-picked, drawn or 

 undrawn, is preferred.— Prairie Farmer. 



