9* 



POPULAR GARDENING. 



January, 



1,5%. Fruit Eyaporatliiif. Some leading 

 priacipals were recently summed up by the 

 California Fruittrrower, as follows : Allow your 

 fruit to mature thoroughly on the tree before 

 ^thering it. Green or under-ripe fruit does 

 not contain a sufficient (juautity of saccharine 

 matter or Grape sugar to make a good article 

 of dried fruit. Over-ripe, mushy, bruised, and 

 partially decayed fruit makes a poor, dark- 

 colored dried product. Grade your fruit as to 

 size before you cut it. Fruit that has fallen from 

 the tree and is bruised is sure to turn black 

 when dried. Evaporate your fruit thoroughly, 

 but do not dry it too much. Put on the finishing 

 touch in your curing house. Fine dried fruit 

 cannot be produced from poorsmall green fruit. 

 In bleaching do not burn the sulphur in the 

 evaporator on any ac- 

 count, and it is advis- 

 able not to burn it in 

 the bleaching house 

 with the fruit. Twenty 

 or thirty minutes is a 

 sufficient length of time 

 to submit fresh cut 

 fruit to the sulphur 

 fumes. Clingstone 

 Peaches are good driers, 

 but cause considerable 

 trouble pitting. There 

 is less waste to the cling 

 than to the free stone. 

 Fine dried fruit can be 

 made in the sun, but 

 you must know how. 

 If you wish to make 

 a record for your fruit, 

 use the finest, choicest 

 fruit you can get for 

 drying. You cannot 

 produce choice dried 

 fruit if you use wind- 

 falls, culls, wormy and 

 over-ripe fruit Sun- 

 dried fruit may be sub- 

 mitted to dry or super- 

 heated steam in a 

 heater say for five 

 minutes, if you un- 

 derstand the business, , -— , .,, ,- ..,„ 

 will soften the fruit slightly and will keep the 

 eggs of insects, worms, etc. Do not dip the fruit 

 in water after it is dried, just before packing, for 

 the purpose of softening it up and making it 

 weigh heavy. Buyers can tell "doped fruit 

 the moment they see it, and if it is not sold and 

 consumed immediately, it is sure to turn black, 

 get soft and spoil. Tour curing and packing 

 house should be well ventilated, but all openings 

 should be secured against insects by wire screens. 



1.B2.5. Althaea Shrub. The Mallows may be 

 increased by dividing the plants at the roots, or 

 by seeds. The latter are gathered when ripe 

 kept like other seeds in any convenient place or 

 receptacle, and planted in open, well-prepared 

 ground covering an inch deep. 



1,627. Amaryllis Belladonna. These bulbous 

 plants require a season of perfect repose after 

 each season of growth, and when this condition 

 is properly observed, the flowers can be had at 

 almost any season of the year. The flowers 

 appear before the leaves do. When done bloom- 

 ing, and until growth ceases, water should be 

 withheld by degrees, and the plants then kept 

 dry and in a temperature of at least 45 or ,50°. 

 When desired to flower again, pot in good fibrous 

 loam, leaf mould and saiid, equal parts of each, 

 providing thorough drainage by pieces of broken 

 pots in bottom of pot, and put in a bottom bed 

 or greenhouse, beginning with a temperature of 

 50°,and gradually increasing to liO or 70.- Gordon. 



I,.5t2. Frononncing Dictionary. Volume eight 

 of the Illustrated Dictionary of Gardening, 

 published by J. Arnot Penman, 12 Dey street. 

 New York City, gives the correct pronunciation 

 of all the names of horticultural plants. The, 

 names are arranged in alphabetical order, and 

 are divided into syllables with the accents of the 

 syllables and the sounds of the more important 

 vowels clearly marked.— E. S. G. 



1,602. Disposal of Eubbish. Burying our 

 green rubbish in trenches in the garden seems to 

 me to be a senseless, laborious, expensive and 

 wasteful practice. Don't do that. But have a 

 good old fashioned rubbish pile.— a place where 

 you can pile up and burn sticks, prunings, roots, 

 noxious weeds as couch grass and big weeds cut 

 in seed, and the like; and alongside of it a pile 

 for refuse dirt as old potting soil, garden clean- 

 ings, or the like; and if you live in the country 

 you probably keep pigs, well into the hog pen 

 run all manner of waste vegetables, garden 

 cleanings, in fact, if you will, every kind of 

 earthy and waste matter. What I don't cait 

 directly t.i the liog )ien and which accumulates 

 in a rot pile 1 spread in the manure yard as a 

 foundation for the manure piles and a good ab- 

 sorbent it becomes too I nave no sympathj- 

 with burving plant food in trenches in the 



f round; my practice has taught me to keep the 

 ood near the surface of the ground. It will find 

 its way down fast enough.— Wm. FALCONER. 



1.595. Hardy Boses At the recent meeting of 

 the American Pomological Society, in Florida, 

 the following were given in answer to an inquiry 

 for lists of best six and best ten Hybrid Per- 

 petual Roses, viz.; Mr. Dunning's list — Mai*shall 

 P. Wilder, Baroness Rothschild. Baron de Bon- 

 stetten, Maria Bauman. Anne de Diesbach, 

 Gabriel Luizet, Louis Van Houtte, Eugenie Ver- 

 dier, Mabel Morrison. General Jacqueminot.— 

 Mr. A. Lamb's list— Marshall P. Wilder, Baron 

 de Boustetten, Anne de Diesbach, General Jac- 

 queminot, John Hopper, Caroline de Sansal, 

 Princess Camille de Rohan, Louis Van Houtte, 

 Coquette des Alps.— W. C. Barry's list— Marshall 

 P. Wilder, Baron Bonstetten, General Jacque- 

 minot. John Hopper, Baroness Rothschild, Caro- 

 line de Sansal, Anne de Diesbach, Merville de 



European Methods of TTaining CJirysanthemumf!, Shounng the Forms and 



without damage. This i Lyon, Louis Van Houtte, Madame Gabriel 



Luizet. It will be seen that the following: 



Marshall P. Wilder, Baron de Bonstetten, Anne 

 de Diesbach, Louis Van Houtte and General 

 .Tacqueminot, are included in each list; Baroness 

 Rothschild, Madame Gabriel Luizet, John Hop- 

 per, and Caroline de Sansal, are found in two of 

 the lists, while Marie Bauman. Kugenie \ erdier, 

 Mabel Morrison, Princess Camillie de Rohan, 

 Coquette des .\lpes and Merville deLyon receive : 

 the recommendation of but one. These lists 

 may be safely followed by planters. 



1,539. ftuince Propapation. They are usually 

 grafted on short pieces of Apple roots -F. L W. 



1,547 Haisins from American Grapes. Bright- 

 on, Duchess, Empire State, Walter and many 

 other pure flavored American Grapes (or crosses 

 with the foreign 1'. rinifera) make good raisins 

 for culinary purposes They can be dried by 

 laving perfect bunches of fruit on racks made 

 of common plastering lath, and placing in a 

 warm, dry room. Tumthe bunches occasionally 

 and pick out all berries that show any signs of 

 mold.-F. L W. 



European Methods of Training 

 Chrysanthemums. 

 On this page are shown some devices 

 employed in Europe for training Chrysan- 

 themums in various forms. The illustra- 

 tions were re-engraved from our German 

 contemporary. The Gaertner Zietung, 

 the originals bemg accompanied by 

 an extended article. The lower en- 

 graving represents some young 

 plants during the summer course 

 of treatment being placed in con- 

 junction with a light wire trellis 

 which permits of tying up the plants 

 in any desired shape. The forms 

 above are simple wire devices such 

 as any person could readily con- 

 struct. They possess the merit of 

 allowing the plants to be trained in 

 a way very prim and pleasing. It 

 is true no one at least no American 

 would fancy seeing an entire collec- 

 tion of Chrysanthemums trained in 

 these and other formal styles, for the 

 round form of bush in which an air of 

 freedom prevails is in the generality of 

 cases more suitable. But unquestionably 

 every gardener delights in trying his hand 

 at working out at least a few specimens in 

 some such a way and to such these sugges- 

 tive engravings should be of use. 



Ontario Fruit Growers in Council. 



The Exhibit. The fruits exhibited on 

 the stage of the Music Hall in Windsor, 

 Ont., during the meeting held on December 

 10, U and l'2th, consisted of some line speci- 

 mens of the Apples commonly grown in 

 Ontario, together with a number of Cana- 

 dian seedlings, also a few Pears. The Kerr 

 ventilated barrel, shown by the manufac- 

 turer, seems to combine some good features 

 and makes a handsome, and cheap package, 

 alike serviceable for shipment and for home 

 storage. We are favorably impressed with 

 it. For the United States this barrel is 

 manufactured by the Kerr Barrel and Box 

 Co. of Muscadine, la. 



Officeks. The choice 

 of the meeting for 

 president fell upon Mr. 

 A. M. Smith of St. 

 Catherines. Mr. L. 

 Woolverton, of Grims- 

 by, is secretary of the 

 association. 



Ontario Fri'it List. 

 The fruit committee 

 presents a catalogue of 

 -\pples, on which they 

 have been engaged 

 with the object of es- 

 tablishing a standard 

 for the guidance of 

 judges at fairs. Other 

 fruits will be taken tip 

 in their turn. The 

 standard of each varie- 

 ty is fixed in four con- 

 siderations, 1, as to its dessert quality; 2, its 

 cooking quality; 3, its value for home mar- 

 ket: 4, its value for foreign market. The 

 list apparently is prepared with great care, 

 and when finished will be thoroughly re- 

 liable. Mr. McD. Allan, the ex -president, 

 is a member of the committee, and one of 

 the best posted men on the value of Apples 

 for foreign market. The following may 

 serve as samples: Fameuse, 8, 5, 9, 8; Falla- 

 water,7, 8, 8, 9; Mann, 4. 7, 7, 8; Esopus Spitz- 

 enburg, 9, 7, 9, 10; Gravenstein, 9, 9, 10, 10; 

 Baldwin, 2, 5, 7, 8; Ben Davis, J, 1, 8, 9; 

 Northern Spy, 10, 10, 10, 10, etc. 



Discussion on Varieties. The proper 

 rating of varieties brought out a lively dis- 

 cussion, especially in regard to the follow- 

 ing sorts. Prhtccss Louise, Mr. McD. Allan 

 and Mr. Woolverton have a high opinion of 

 it; fine for dessert and market Christmas. 



ExiipiiK Spitzcnhcrrj. Mr. Mc D. Allan 

 says it should not be allowed to shrivel. 1 

 kept in somewhat damp room it will remain 

 crisp, brittle and in best condition. 



yellow TruHb-parciit. This is rated low 

 in the Fruit List, namely, 5, 7, 4, 0; but 



the Developed Piont.s. 



Summer Tralninu of the Chrysanthemum. 



most members pronounce it much later, and 

 perhaps of better quality than Early Har- 

 vest. A quality that all speak o£ it well for 

 is that it does not spot. The ex-president, 

 however, disputes that it is very valuable, 

 and does not hesitate to put the Early Harv- 

 I est 2 or 3 pouits ahead of it. 



