96 



POPULAR GARDENING. 



January, 



Plant, etc. among culinary vegetables. If 

 the seeds therefore are sown in the open 

 air before hot weather sets in, little or no 

 growth need be expected while failure from 

 decay may result. This class in common 

 with half-hardy annuals is often brought 

 on by sowing the seeds in heat under glass, 

 and advancing them here to be of some 

 size before setting into the open ground. 

 b Amaranthus tricolor 



( Jascp?rs C'oaf )— 3 ...tricolor July, Sept 



Z Balsamina impatiens 

 (Balsam, Lady Slip- 

 per). Many var.—l-ivarious July, Sept. 



X Browalia elata (Am^- 



thyst). Two var — blue, white July, Aug. 



V Calempelisscaber(£c- 



cremocarptts Vine) 



—10 .oranflfi .... Aug., Sept. 



b Canna Indica (iTidian 



Shot) DartoMS... Aug., Sept. 



Ys Celosia cristata'.Cocfcs- 



comb) crinison,e(cAug.,Sept. 



Ts Canna Indica (Scarlet 



Fruiting Gourd)— 6 . red Aug., Sept. 



V Cucumus flexuosus, 



etc. iSnalie Melon) 



—10 yellow Aug., Sept. 



X V Curcubitaaurantiaca, 

 etc. {Orange Gourd, 

 cf-c.,)— 10 yellow .Aug.,Sept. 



X I' Doliehos lablab (Hya- 

 cinth Bean) in var- 

 iety— 16 jmrple. ... Aug., Sept. 



Eutoca Wrangeliana 

 —1 litac July, Aug. 



u Gomphrena globosa 



(G/obe ^maraii(h)..red, etc . . - Everlast'g. 



8 Impatiens Sultana 



(Perennial Balsam) .red July, Sept. 



Martynia fragrans 

 {Fragrant 31artynia)purple ... .Aug., Sept. 



V V Maurandia Barclay- 



aaa-fl 6!««, etc.. .June,Sept. 



b Mimosa pudica(Sensi- 



tive Plant)— I pink. 



Mimulus hybridum 



{Miinlscy Flower) in 



variety various .. July, Sept. 



8 Moschatus (Mush 



Plant) yellow. .. .July, Sept. 



V Mukia scabrella (Scar- 



let-fruited Mukia).. yellow .. .Sept. 

 t> Phaseolus multiflorua 



{Scarlet Flowered 



Bean)— 10 scarlet .. .July,Sept. 



Z Portulaca splendeng 



{Sun Plant) in var- 

 iety, double and 



single— H .various .. June,Sept. 



u RhodantUe Manglesi 



1-3 rose, etc ... Everlast'g. 



X b Ilicinus (Castor OU 



Bean) in var. — 4-10. rorious... Aug., Sept. 

 Senecio elegans (Jaco- 



bea) in variety— 1 . .varivus . . July, Aug. 

 s Solanum capsicas- 



trum (Jerusalem 



Cherry) . i«/ulc. 



u ThuDbergia alata and 



other varieties— 4 . . j/ci!o(i',e(c. . June, Sept. 

 Vinca {Madagascar 



Periwinkle) in var . .vaiHous — July, Sept. 



Class 8. Bulbs, Eoots and Tubers that are 

 Annual in character. These are such as 

 require to be planted annually and which 

 during the season produce offsets, which 

 in turn are taken up in the autumn and 

 again planted the following spring to per- 

 petuate the stock, the old bulb or tuber 

 dying after it has formed a new plant and 

 a new crop of offsets. 

 b Caladium esculentum— 3-4. 

 6 Canna Indica hybrida. Many named and 

 other varieties— 3-8. 



Dahlia, double and single Many named 

 and other \'arieties-;i-8. 



Er.vthrina cistgalli (Coral Plant)~3-&. 



Gladiolus in many named varieties— 3-4. 



Hyacinthus candicans (Galtoiiia)- 3. 



V Madeira Vine— 30. 



OxaUs Several species and varieties— 1 

 Tuberose, Double-3. 



Tigridia {Tiger flaurr). Several varieties— 1 

 Tritiima tliiil lint /'.Ar;i-3-4, 

 b Richardia fStmtteil (ViHa)— 1-3. 



(To be Continued.) 



An Automatic Rainwater Switch. 



The accompanying figure shows a useful 

 device for preventing the first or dirty water 

 from a roof running into a cistern, thus 

 serving to keep the contents of the reservoir 

 comparatively pure and fit for culinary and 

 similar uses. The suggestion comes from 

 Mr. F. N. Landis, Franklin Co., Pa. 



In the engraving A represents the con- 

 ductor from the roof, and which terminates 

 in the tilting switch D. B is the pipe lead- 

 ing to the cistern, C is a flaring receiver at- 

 tached to the pipe below and shaped to re- 

 ceive one end of the switch D when the 



An Automatic Rainwater Switch 



latter is tilted in that direction. E is a bar- 

 rel for receiving the first water from the 

 roof. F is a float of a piece of plank and 

 which is connected with the switch above 

 by a rod G. H is a faucet for drawing off 

 the contents of the barrel. 



The operation of this self-acting device is 

 very simple. Previous to a rain the differ- 

 ent features are in the different positions 

 shown in the engraving with the switch D 

 leading towards the barrel. Then when 

 it rains the water from the roof is at first 

 conveyed toward the barrel. As the barrel 

 fills up and the water reaches float F this is 

 raised and simultaneously with it the bar- 

 rel-end of the switch, until by the time the 

 barrel is full, the switch has tilted over into 

 receiver C and from thence the water is 

 carried into the cistern. 



Horticulture in New Jersey. 



The New Jersey State Society held its l.'ith 

 annual meeting at Trenton, December 18th 

 and Wth, 1889. The attendance at these 

 meetings is usually fair: but it is often a 

 matter of wonder to us, that it is not .several 

 times as large in a state where fruit and 

 vegetable growing takes the most promi- 

 nent place in agriculture, and while so 

 much effort is expended for making the 

 meetings interesting and instructive. 



Election of Officehs. This was held 

 on the second day, and resulted as follows: 

 Ralph Egge, Hopewell, president : W. C. 

 Idell, Hoboken, vice-president; E.Williams, 

 Montclair, secretary, re-elected; Chas. L. 

 Jones, Newark, treasurer, re-elected. 



Secretary's Report. It is not a plea- 

 sant picture that Mr. E. Williams unrolls 

 before our eyes when speaking of the past 

 season's achievements of the soil tiller in 

 New Jersey. Weeds, water, fungi and in- 

 sects have been the principal crops. With 

 much feeling the secretary refers to the 

 death of Prof. Geo. H. Cook, who always 

 was one of the most ardent supporters of 

 the society. If an honest man is the noblest 

 work of God, it was well exemplified in 

 Prof. Cook's life. 



Discussion on New Fruits. The late 

 Mr. Caywood's Crystal, a white Raspberry, 

 is highly spoken of by Dr. Ward. It is very 



much better than Golden Queen, finer 

 flavored, better colored, and quite produc- 

 tive. 



Nothing can be said about Grapes, since 

 the season has been an abnormal one. Dr. 

 Ward is pleased with Minnewaski Black- 

 berry. 



The older varieties of Strawberries are 

 yet principally grown for market; Sharpless, 

 however, is being discarded as unproductive. 

 Mr. Beebe has a seedling of Sharpless which 

 promises to fill the bill. 



It seems that there has been somewhat of 

 a lull in the introduction of "new wonder- 

 ful fruits" this season, or the introducers 

 have been afraid to put them into the hands 

 of the fruit committee for testing. 



Lecture on Drainage. Mr. C. C. George- 

 son (late Professor of the Imperial College 

 of Agriculture, Tokio, Japan) speaks in 

 favor of tile draining against other methods. 

 Land worth $.50 and upwards per acre, if it 

 requires draining at all, can be drained with 

 profit, and the more valuable the land, the 

 greater is the necessity to increase its pro- 

 ductiveness. Our fruit crops are yet too 

 often injured by an excess of water in the 

 soil; and the cost of thorough underdrain- 

 ing would in many cases be repaid several 

 times over by a single crop. 



In this climate we have no crop that could 

 be grown in swamps, except we have more 

 or less control over the water supply. In 

 Japan the Rush is grown on such wet spots 

 for matting, and it is a valuable crop. It is 

 cut once a year. Perhaps we might try it 

 here. 



Among the benefits derived from draining. 

 Prof. Georgeson enumerates the following: 

 1, It renders the soil more porous, hence it 

 admits air needed for nitrification and other 

 chemical action on the soil, 3, it makes soil 

 warmer, a thermometer test gave ten de- 

 grees higher temperature in drained than 

 in undramed land; 3, it lengthens the sea- 

 son, as drained soil can be worked earlier; 



4, it prevents excessive baking of the soil; 



5, plants in drained soil do not suffer as 

 much from drought as those ou uiidrained 

 land; 6, drainage diminishes surface wastes; 

 7, it increases the yield, and improves the 

 quality of all crops. 



Open ditches should only be used where 

 covered ones are impracticable. Stone 

 drains may be used where tiles are not 

 easily accessible and the removal of stones 

 is desirable. On soils with heavy clay sub- 

 soil where the surface is even, and no 

 obstructions in the soil, drains that will 

 work well for a time may be made easily 

 and rapidly with a mold plow. But all 

 such methods are mere make shifts, and the 

 tile drain is the only perfect one. Round 

 tile is best. The less the fall, the larger 

 must be the tile. Usually 1}{ inside dia- 

 meter is sutflcient for the laterials; 3 or 3 

 inch tile for the mains. Provision must be 

 made to carry off the spring water, and .50 

 per cent of the rainfall. To lay out the 

 drains, a person acquainted with use of 

 level snould be employed. The outlet 

 should lie the lowest part of the field; the 

 main along the lowest line; the laterals 

 parallel and equi distant. In tenacious clay . 

 the laterals should not be wider than 35 feet 

 apart. The fall should be at least 1 in 600. 

 Begin at lower end, and ditch up; also lay 

 tile in same way. The junction should be 

 laid by a careful person, ahd made with the 

 junction or branch pipe where it can be had. 

 Ijay the best few tiles at each end of a 

 lateral in a course to facilitate the flow. 



Collars are now made to fit over the joints 

 for the purpose of keeping out dirt. They 

 are very convenient. Make the outlet in a 

 substantial manner, and cover the mouth 

 with a wire screen to keep out vermin. 



Roots of trees, especially Willows, are apt 

 to enter and obstruct the drains. Where 



