1890. 



POPULAR GARDENING. 



199 



AlHuit sotting the tret'S. Tliey will if uniorcil 

 early arrive almut the time you are sowintt "ats, 

 Open the paekagcs, and plaee the roots in damp 

 soil in the shade, not forirettinir that the roots of 

 trees arc unfitted by nature to stand the air. In 

 the wind or the sun or in dry air, or in the open 

 air, roots will live just at>ont as lonp as a black 

 bass will live out of water; not much longer. 

 Prepare some thin mud in a pail, tilling it a third 

 full. In this mud place the roots of the ti-ecs 

 one sort at a time Of course you have staked 

 or marked out your (.'round. Din a snuill hole 

 with a spade and let the boy drop a tree in the 

 hole : strniRhten it up ; replace the soil, not 

 omitting to step your full weight with one foot 

 each side and near each tree Ijefore leaving it. 

 This is important, as it packs the soil close to the 

 root*, helping it to retain moisture, and prevent- 

 ing the air from entering. One after the other, 

 all the kinds are planted. 



If Black Walnuts, Chestnuts, Butternuts, 

 Hickories and Oaks are desirable in any places, 

 plant the nuts where the trees are to remain. 



Then cultivate this land as you do your best 

 Cornfield, with level culture, only continue to 

 cultivate all summer. 



Keep on cultivating during the succeeding 

 years, as long as a horse can get through the 

 rows, perhaps four or five years more, then the 

 trees will not need it any longer. From time 

 to time you will very likely pick up some other 

 kinds of small trees, or shrubs from the neigh- 

 boring woods, and set them in among the others 

 in the grove. If the cultivation is attended to, 

 and the land is not too wet, you will be surprised 

 at the nipid growth of the trees. 



In older states, like Massachusetts, farms 

 already bring a better price if they contain some 

 suitable groves or lots of young thrifty timber. 

 As the grove improves with age, you will be 

 reading every good thing you can get on foresty. 

 You will be planting for study as well as for 

 producing a grove to shield animals or growing 

 crops, from the severe winds. 



Reader if not already done, will jou not plant 

 a grove this year, or do something to induce 

 some of your friends to plant one '/ The writer 

 will be glad to give any further instructions in 

 his power on this subject, and would coifeider it 

 a favor to receive a postal card from any who 

 contemplate a grove. 



CONDENSED GLEANINGS. 



Bounty for Sparrow Heads- Jfichlgan is one 

 of the states in which a bounty is paid for the 

 Extermination of the EngUsh Sparrow. But ac- 

 cording to a late bulletin from the Experiment 

 Station of that State the bounty too often helps 

 forward the destructive work of the sparrows by 

 killing other insectivorous birds. Too many of 

 the county clerks cannot distinguish the head of 

 an English sparrow from that of a linnet 

 or a thrush, and the mone.v is actually paid 

 for the destruction of such valuable birds as the 

 song sparrow, the red-polled linnet and the even- 

 ing grosbeak— birds which are protected by the 

 state, under a law which makes their slaughter a 

 misdemeanor, to which a penalty of five dollars 

 is attached. The bulletin gives such illustrations 

 and descriptions as will enable the officers to dis- 

 tinguish between the native birds and the foreign 



A Broad-Topped Grape TrellUe. 



nuisances. Nevertheless the law should be so 

 amended as to make it the duty of county 

 clerks to inform themselves and to collect a fine 

 for every native bird offered for a bounty. It is 

 to be remembered that the English sparrows de- 

 stroy fruit, grain and vegetables. They attack 

 blossoms, young fruit and grain at harvest time. 

 They eat some insects, but they protect more 

 than they feed upon by driving away native in- 

 sectivorous birds. Wrens, martins, swallows, 

 blue-birds, and even robins and wild pigeons 

 suffer from these marauders, who destroy nests. 



young birds and eggs for no other apparent pur- 

 pose than to drive these birds out of the neigh- 

 borhood.— (iarden and Korest. 



Beet Sugar, The persistent agitation of the 

 culture of the Sugar Beets and the manufacture 

 of sugar from them on large scale in this country 

 is at least bearing fruit. The United States De- 

 partment of Agriculture is completing an ex- 

 haustive investigation of all that has been done, 

 from the time that the first experiments in Beet 

 culture were nnide at the Massachusetts Agricul- 

 tural college down to this year's experience in 

 the two large Beet sugar factories in California. 

 The United States Senate has directed its Com- 

 mittee on .Agriculture to report a bill for the 

 Iiromotion of the industry, and Senator Mander- 

 son has already introduced a bill providing that 

 a bounty shall be paid for every ton of sugar 

 Beets raised in the United States, delivered to a 

 factory and manufactured into sugar, and also 

 providing a bounty of 85 cents per hundred 

 pounds of sugar so produced, to be paid to the 

 manufacturer. The operation of the proposed 

 law is left to the Secretaries of Agriculture and 

 the Treasury. Mr. Manderson also introduced a 

 bill making an appropriation for the importa- 

 tion of sugar Beet seed by the Secretary of Ag- 

 riculture, and also of machinery for its culture 

 and for the manufacture of Beet sugar, all to be 

 admitted free of duty. A large factory to work 

 up the Beets grown on .5,000 acres is now being 

 built at Grand Kapids, Hall Co., Xeb.— American 

 Agriculturist. 



Advantages of low Brancking. Important 

 advantage of low headed trees will be found in 

 the fact of the more complete shading of the 

 trunk and the adjacent soil. Most cjf the attacks 

 of borers and other insects are invited by the de- 

 bilitating effects upon the bark, of the hot suns 

 of summer, followed by the severe cold of win- 

 ter. These attacks are rarely, it ever, made 

 except where the bark is thus exposed. With 

 pear, plum and cherry trees, especially, I would 

 branch within eight or twelve inches of the 

 ground, or perhaps a few inches higher in case of 

 the more spreading varieties. The peach, if 

 branched very low, may be injured at the forks 

 by the larva? of the borer, the moth finding this 

 a convenient place in which to deposit her eggs. 

 For this reason it is better not to branch the 

 Peach tree lower than two feet from the ground. 

 The plow and cultivator should never be used 

 beneath the branches and among the feeding 

 roots of an apple tree, or indeed of any other 

 tree. I would, therefore, branch apple trees in 

 orchard within from one and a half to four feet 

 of the ground, varying more or less, according 

 as the habit of the variety is more or less spread- 

 ing. The type of beauty in evergreens consists 

 in" their being clothed with foliage from the 

 ground up.— Cor, O. J. Farmer. 



A Broad-topped Grape-trellis. Mr. C. B. Rock- 

 well, of Illinois, has used the Grape-trellis illus- 

 trated herewith, with a very satisfactory degree 

 of success. The posts are somewhat stouter 

 than usual, and set ten feet apart. Near the top 

 of each, and six feet from the ground, a cross- 

 piece is firmly spiked. The cross-pieces were at 

 first made two and a half feet long ; but three 

 and a half is found to be better. The lower wire 

 is strung along the posts three and a half feet 

 above the surface of the ground. Two and a 

 half feet above this second wire is strung from 

 the centers of the posts at the intersection of 

 the cross-pieces. Two others are strung from the 

 extremities of the cross-pieces, horizontal with 

 the upper wire, and one foot nine inches distant 

 on each side. The object of using the broad- 

 topped trellis is to give the Grapes all the room 

 possible. In our soil the canes will make a 

 growth of fifteen to twenty-five feet in a year, 

 and it is necessary to give them support without 

 carrying the trellis too high. On the row trellis- 

 ed in this way I had, last year, twice the quantity 

 of Grapes produced upon any one of the rows 

 adjoining it. They were more free from rot and 

 more convenient to gather.— Am. Agriculturist. 



Boses for Perftune. Gather the Roses in dry 

 weather, remove the petals, and to a peck of 

 fresh leaves add a good handful of salt. Let this 

 remain five days, stirring up the leaves every 

 day. When they appear moist add three ounces 

 of bruised Allspice and one ounce of Cinnamon 

 stick bruised. Let remain so a week, stira-ing 

 daUy from the bottom. Then put into a perma- 

 nent jar one ounce of Allspice, and add the stock 

 layer by layer. Sprinkle between the following; 

 One oiince each of Cloves and Cinnamon, two 

 Nutmegs all coarsely powdered, some Ginger 



r(H)t sliced thin, half an ounce of .4nLse-seed 

 bruised, ten grains of fine Musk, half a pound of 

 freshly dried Lavender bowers, two ounces of 

 powdered Orris root and ad lihiliin cologne. Rose 

 or Orange flower water, Orange or Lemon peel. 

 Freshly dried Violets, Tuberoses, Clove pinks, or 

 any other scented flowers may be added. Fine 

 extract of any kind will enhance the fragrant 

 Oder, while fresh Rose leaves, salt and Allspice, 

 made as at first, may be added when convenient. 

 Stir the jar occasionally, leaving it closed except 

 when the perfume is wished to odorize the room. 

 Detroit Tribune, 



Mending Decay in Trees. Garden and Forest 

 reciaumend the following method of filling cavi- 

 ties in the trunks and bodies of trees; The edge 



A Self-supporting Step-ladder. 



of the cavity should be cut away smooth and 

 even, and all decomposed matter or growth of 

 new bark formed in the interior should be re- 

 moved. A coating of coal-tar should then be 

 applied to the surface of the cavity, and the 

 mouth protected with a piece of well-seasoned 

 Oak securely driven into it. The end of this 

 plug should be cut even with the surface of the 

 trunk or limb, made perfectly smooth, and then 

 coated with coal-tar. If the cavity is too large 

 to be closed in this manner, a piece of seasoned 

 Oak-board should be fitted and securely nailed 

 into it, and then covered with coal-tar. A new 

 growth of bark will gradually extend over the . 

 board and so effectually cover the cavity. 



Influence of Soil on Fruits. The Strawberry 

 has been classified with some degree of accuracy 

 as depending upon the character of soil, and one 

 is known to require clay and another to do best 

 in sandy soil. The Kieffer Pear is worthless, 

 grown in some localities, and is excellent grown 

 in some other places. The Apple, the Quince, 

 the Pear as weU as the Grapes and Berries are 

 largely dependent upon soil, for any peculiar 

 flavor or richness they might possess. It is well 

 known that Celery among the vegetables comes 

 within this same category; and Kalamazoo Celery 

 stands No. 1, not from any better seed, not from 

 any peculiarity about the plants themselves, but 

 from the nature of the soil. By trial find what 

 fruits are of richest fiavor on your own farm and 

 make of them a specialty.— Maryland Farmer. 



A Self-supporting Step-ladder, The Canadian 

 Horticulturist describes a self-supporting step- 

 ladder as resting on five bearings, three of them 

 adjustable as to length and position, and easily 

 adapted to aU inequalities of surface, pefectly 

 secure, and very profitable. The crane, or bas- 

 ket and hook holder, rotates, or may be shifted 

 to either side of the operator, will support thirty 

 pounds of fruit in basket with ease, and the legs 

 all fold in when required. It provides a safe 

 stand, and at the same time increase the facili- 

 ties of the operator in picking fruit, pruning 

 trees, etc., giving him the full use of both hands, 

 and placing the basket within easy reach of the 

 same. 



Sweet Corn. We are each year more favorably 

 impressed with the Black Mexican. It is one of 

 the sweetest varieties for the table, makes a 

 medium sized stalk with a large amount of 



