1 2 Apples. 



Those orchards are, at this time, commencing to produce fruit. Those 

 that have been carefully cared for must eventually become good property 

 for many years to come. 



Apples in their natural state, dried apples, and cider, will enter more 

 largely into commerce than ever before, because the supply makes a de- 

 mand ; and demand, or use, soon makes a necessity. 



Vinegar from cider, owing to the low price at which it can be made, will 

 soon supersede whiskey-vinegar, owing to the relative high price of whiskey 

 compared with cider. 



Malic acid from the apple may soon enter commerce, and in many uses 

 take the place of cream of tartar ; its preparation being the work of the 

 chemist. 



Can any contingency arise to preclude the possibility of making heavy 

 crops of apples un remunerative, considering the various uses to which the 

 crops can be applied ? 



Apples which I term summer varieties are those that ripen on the trees, 

 and are injured if picked from the trees by what is termed hand-pick- 

 ing ; that is to say, gathered by hand, as we gather long-keeping winter- 

 fruits. 



If they are picked before they are ripe, they shrivel, and are often 

 deficient in flavor : such are of imperfect growth. 



Early-maturing apples should hang on the trees until a slight jar will 

 loosen the stem from the limb. 



The last few days develop most of the desired qualities sought for in 

 summer apples, — softness of cells, or mellowness ; secretion of that subtle 

 something called flavor, or perfume, that is scarcely fully developed unless 

 perfectly ripe before taken from the tree. 



The color of the skin, — which, if beautiful to the eye, often covers 

 many imperfections, — the fine downy bloom on the skin, are matured only 

 at the time of the fruit's fullest development. 



All vegetation, after the season of activity is past, remains dormant. 

 After the proper season of rest has transpired, it is very susceptible of 

 change of temperature. 



The spring months are the most critical for the production of the trees. 

 If sudden extremes of temperature take place, harm may be done j but, if 



