98 THE CONNECTICUT POMOLOGICAL SOCIETY 



Each female may continue this from 34 to 40 days, bringing 

 forth in that time, on an average, 400 young. At the age 

 of 33 to 40 days from birth, the females of this brood are 

 developed and the 5'oung of the next generation begin to 

 appear. This makes such a complication in the matter of 

 young that summer treatment is rendered difficult. 



After a few hours (12-36) of active crawling about, the 

 young insect settles down, inserts its beak, and begins to 

 secrete its scale. This is the only active period of life, ex- 

 cept in case of the males, which, when mature, are small 

 two-winged flies. From this time the insect is a fixture, 

 the scale being at first a thin white covering, turning yel- 

 lowish and, later, gray. 



The number of generations or broods has been difficult 

 to determine, but it has been pretty well proven that there 

 are four each year in the latitude of Washington, D. C. 



Food Plants. — The scale is very general in its feeding 

 habits. I quote from Professor Britton : "The San Jose 

 scale has thus far been found in Connecticut upon the 

 peach, apple, pear, plum and currant, but information from 

 other states shows that it may attack most of our large and 

 small fruits, and the rose, hawthorn, elm, basswood, alder, 

 sumac, English walnut and various evergreens." 



Spread. — The natural spread, unaided, can be but little 

 each year, but the wind, birds and insects are believed to 

 aid somewhat in this. The spread depends principally, of 

 course, on the distribution of infested nursery stock. 



Remedies. — Whale-oil soap solution (two pounds to one 

 gallon) is highly recommended for winter treatment, and, 

 though very successful in California, is not considered in 

 the east to be exterminative. Rosin washes, kerosene emul- 

 sion and lye or potash washes have all been experimented 

 with, but can be recommended only with certain reserva- 

 tions in each case. Hydrocyanic gas requires an expensive 

 outfit, and, though very thorough in the west, is reported 

 as not being entirely satisfactory in Virginia. Kerosene is 

 one of the newer remedies, and is applied either pure or in 

 mechanical mixture with water. Many apparently conflict- 

 ing results have been obtained in experiments with this 

 material. Mr. Alwood, of Virginia, reports very satisfac- 



