144 THE CONNECTICUT POMOLOGICAL SOCIETY 



steady horse, from which to do the work. The same outfit, slightly 

 modified, has been recommended for pruning. 



From published reports of exported apples, it is evident that there 

 is room for much improvement in harvesting and packing apples. Much 

 more care can be given to the grading. All should be put in at least 

 three grades, — firsts, seconds, and culls or cider apples. A still higher 

 grade could often be profitably used. Those in the same barrel should 

 run of even size, whatever the grade. 



What varieties to plant is a hard question to answer, and must 

 depend largely upon the location of the grower. For a distant market 

 plant only well known winter sorts, and few in number, which, in this 

 state, means some of the following, of general value, about in the order 

 named : Baldwin, Rhode Island Greening, Roxbury Russet, Cogswell, 

 Hubbardston, Sutton, Peck's Pleasant and Red Canada. If where fall 

 apples are in demand, then Gravenstein, Fall Pippin and Hurlbut can 

 be named in addition. Red Astrachan, Oldenburg, Yellow Transparent 

 and Golden Sweet will probably fill any call for summer apples. 



A good family orchard should embrace not less than twenty-five 

 kinds, about as follows : In the order of ripening. Sweet Bough, Golden 

 Sweet, Primate, Williams' Favorite, Early Joe and Yellow Transparent, 

 for early ; Gravenstein, Jefferies, Late Strawberry, Snow, Keswick 

 Codlin or Porter, Maiden's Blush, Hurlbut and Wealthy, for fall ; Jacob's 

 Sweet, Lady's Sweet, Jonathan, Dominie, Belle et Bonne, Baldwin, 

 Rhode Island Greening, Roxbury Russet, Sutton, Cogswell, Hubbardston 

 and Red Canada on Northern Spy stock, for winter varieties. This 

 collection will give sweet and sour, good cooking and dessert apples through 

 each season. Where the apple maggot is troublesome some of these 

 kinds might be badly affected in some years. In any case, if the apple 

 orchard is given the same thorough work that is deemed necessary with 

 all other fruit crops, the returns will be large and much more certain. 



In answer to questions and discussion, Professor Gulley 

 said that the apple maggot hurts the summer apples very 

 much, but that there was no help for this. The Northern 

 Spy he thought good for market, but it fruited irregularly 

 and was a slow grower, bearing well after twent}^ years. 



In answer to a question as to fertilizers, Professor 

 Gulley recommended potash and bone. Dutchess of Olden- 

 burg he mentioned as a fine showy apple, that never grows 

 very large trees. It is a good variety to use in a close- 

 planted orchard. He would always plant apples close at 

 first and thin later. 



N. S. Piatt opened the discussion on "The Outlook for 

 Profitable Orcharding in Connecticut." ''Connecticut," he 

 said, "is the home of the apple, plum, pear, quince, and even 



