The Apple- Worm and the Apple- Maggot. 



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The annexed figure exhibits an 'apple which has been excavated and 

 preyed on by the common apple-worm, or larva, of the codling-moth {Car- 



pocapsa pomonella). On the right hand below is seen one of these larvae 

 full grown, and placed in such a position as to show to the eye at once that 

 it has sixteen legs ; namely, six true or jointed legs in front, and ten sham 

 legs or " prolegs " behind. On the left hand below is the pupa, or chrysalis, 

 of the same insect ; and above will be seen the perfect-winged moth, the 

 right-hand specimen with its wings expanded for flight, the left-hand one 

 with its wings closed. 



Now look at the following drawings of the apple-maggot in all its stages, 

 where the larva, pupa, and perfect-winged state of this insect are represent- 

 ed in corresponding positions, — all, except the left-hand specimen above, 

 being considerably magnified, — and it will be seen at a glance that the 

 apple-worm is an entirely different insect from the apple-maggot. The first 

 is a sixteen-legged worm, or " caterpillar " as entomologists would call it : 

 the second is a legless maggot. The first produces a four-winged moth, or 

 " miller," belonging to the order Lepidoptera, which includes the butterflies, 

 the hawk-moths or humming-bird moths, and the vast host of the true 

 moths : the second produces a two-winged fly belonging to the order Dip- 

 tera, which comprises all kinds of mosquitoes, gnats, gallinippers or daddy- 

 longlegs, house-flies, horse-flies, bot-flies, &c. Even the pupae of these two 

 insects are entirely distinct : for that of the first shows the wings of the 

 future moth, soldered indeed to the side of the body, but still plainly visible'; 



