The Apple- Wortn and the Apple- Maggot. 341 



the pupa state, remaining under the surface of the earth, without eating 

 any thing, all through the winter and until the middle of the following 

 summer. Even the modes in which the two larvae operate upon the in- 

 fested fruit differ somewhat : for the apple-worm burrows chiefly in the core 

 of the apple, though it often attacks the external flesh as well ; while the 

 apple-maggot, so far as I can find out, never attacks the core, and bur- 

 rows exclusively in the external flesh, forming there brown, discolored, 

 irregular excavations about the size of a pea, and often running, one into 

 another. 



In the winter of 1866-7, I received specimens of the apple-maggot, some 

 in the larva and some in the pupa state, — first, from the editor of "The 

 Circular " of the Oneida Community, published at Wallingford, Conn. ; 

 second, from Mr. Isaac Hicks of Long Island, N.Y. ; and, third, from 

 Mr. W. C. Fish of East Falmouth, Mass. They were all placed in moist 

 sand ; and they all, in July, 1867, produced the same fly which has been 

 figured above. The following account of the operations of the larva is 

 copied from "The Circular" of Nov. 12, 1866 ; — 



" Two months ago, we were congratulating ourselves on a fair crop of 

 winter-apples. Po ail appearance, they were freer from worms than we 

 had known them in this section for years. But, alas ! our hopes are again 

 blasted. Although the apple-wonn (the larva of the codling-moth, Carpo- 

 capsa pomonella) is not so numerous as in some seasons, the apple-maggot 

 seems to be as prolific as ever. Two weeks ago, we overhauled two hun- 

 dred and fifty bushels of apples that we had gathered and placed in store 

 for winter use ; and of that number we threw out fifty bushels, most of 

 which had been rendered worthless, except for cider or hogs, by one or the 

 other of the above-named insects ; and still the work of destruction goes 

 on. The apple-worm, by this time, has ceased his work, or nearly so ; but 

 the depredations of the apple-maggot continue up to the present time, 

 converting the pulp of the apple into a mere honeycomb, and rendering 

 another overhauling soon indispensable." 



In December, 1866, Mr. Fish wrote to me as follows of the apple- 

 maggot : — 



" This insect is very numerous in this section of the country, being much 

 more abundant in the thin-skinned summer and fall apples than in the later 

 varieties. It seems to increase every year. Within a few rods of the house 



