Raspberries. 1 3 1 



making up the deficiency. Of the varieties named, all but two, the Kirtland 

 and Philadelphia, propagate from the tip ; and, as layering commences the 

 latter part of August, tliere cannot be much cultivation done after that time. 

 But the tips will be sufficiently rooted to take up a little before time for 

 winter to set in (if not needed for use, they may be heeled in, and kept in 

 perfect condition till spring), the bush shortened in at both top and sides 

 thoroughly, and the spaces between the rows ploughed up with a one-horse 

 plough, throwing the furrows to the rows, ridging them up as much as possi- 

 ble, and finishing with a back furrow in the centre. This tends to protect 

 the roots in winter, prevents injury by standing-water, is a support to the 

 canes in spring, and the best and cheapest 7?iulch that can possibly be ob- 

 tained for the plant during fruiting. As the new growth advances, it should 

 be checked at about three feet, which will cause it to branch, and form a 

 strong, sturdy bush, that will support itself without the aid of stakes. 



After fruiting, the spaces between the rows should be again ploughed, 

 but the furrows turned to the centre, and away from the rows : this levels the 

 ground ; and, by using the cultivator both ways afterwards, only a little hand- 

 work around the hill will be necessary. Of course, the ploughing need be 

 done but one way • and the writer has, by absolute experiment, seen the 

 yield of fruit doubled. If it is not convenient to do the work in fall, it will 

 probably be nearly or quite as beneficial if done in spring, as far as the 

 benefit to be derived from stirring the soil and the mulch is concerned ; and 

 should by all means be done. Aside fi-om this special ploughing, the fre- 

 quent use of the cultivator during the summer is of the highest importance : 

 in fact, so highly do we esteem it, that we are almost ready to say it is 

 the one thing necessary to success: and we would advise those about plant- 

 ing raspberries to set them in such a way that they can get all around them 

 on every side with a horse, and then get there often. Thus do we believe 

 that the raspberry can be produced profitably, abundantly, and universally; 

 and therefore is valuable in and of itself, and not merely for the purpose 

 of " keeping up a succession of fruit : " and we hope to see the time when 

 it and other fruits, large and small, will be so extensively cultivated as to 

 become the cheapest, as it will be the best, diet for all ; when the poorest 

 man may "put forth his hand, and pluck and eat of what is most em- 

 phatically the tree of life " to him and all mankind. Johnsto^i. 



South Bend, Ind. 



