350 Terminology of the Vine. 



this condition they remain for one whole year, during which only they are 

 called canes. The laterals on the shoots are now called lateral canes if 

 these have not been removed in the pruning. Under the hand of the 

 vigneron, the canes are generally sliTDrtened more or less in the operations 

 of pruning : and thus we hear of long canes and short canes and spurs; 

 which latter are sometimes decidedly short, being often reduced to one or 

 two good buds. 



In training, the canes are either bent into bows, forming an arc or circle; 

 laid down as arms, more or less horizontally ; trained in a spiral around the 

 stake ; tied vertically to the supports ; or spread upon the trellis in an in- 

 clined or fan-shape. If pruned to spurs, they may be self-supporting in 

 the distaff or in the short-spur system. In all cases, however, they are 

 called canes ; and from these canes proceed the shoots of the coming year, 

 at the close of which the cane becomes a part of the stem, or old wood, 

 which is characterized with more bark, that assumes a darker tint ; and in 

 most species the outer layer hangs loosely, and is easily removed from the 

 stem. 



In conclusion, let us rapidly repeat these terms, which may be com- 

 mended for their simplicity, and will prove of great use in explaining the 

 subject of vine-culture, if they be generally adopted. 



The Stock is the main stem of the vine. 



The Stem includes all portions that are more than two summers old. 



The Cane is the young or bearing wood when from six months to eighteen 

 months of age. If short, it is a Spur. 



Lateral Canes are the lateral shoots in their second year. 



Shoots are the growth of the current year until the fall of the leaf. 



Laterals spring only from the buds of shoots. 



Nodes are the joints, or breaks, in the shoots and canes. 



Lntcrnodcs are the spaces between the nodes : both these disappear in the 

 stem. 



Buds, or Eyes, occur only at the nodes and in the axils of the leaves : 

 they are arranged alternately, and often produce laterals ; in which case 

 new buds arc produced at their base. Buds on canes furnish the next crop 

 of shoots and their fruit. Buds may remain dormant for a long while, and 

 at length spring from the stem at any point where a node had originally 

 existed. 



